English
Related papers

Related papers: Intelligence Without Integrity: Why Capable LLMs M…

200 papers

We posit that large language models (LLMs) should be capable of expressing their intrinsic uncertainty in natural language. For example, if the LLM is equally likely to output two contradicting answers to the same question, then its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Gal Yona , Roee Aharoni , Mor Geva

As reasoning LLMs increasingly trade tokens for accuracy through deliberation, search, and self-correction, a single accuracy score can no longer tell whether those tokens buy useful reasoning, recovery from hard instances, or unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Daniel Kaiser , Arnoldo Frigessi , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Benjamin Ricaud

Real-world settings where language models (LMs) are deployed -- in domains spanning healthcare, finance, and other forms of knowledge work -- require models to grapple with incomplete information and reason under uncertainty. Yet most LM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Alana Renda , Jillian Ross , Michael Cafarella , Jacob Andreas

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit a puzzling disconnect between their asserted confidence and actual problem-solving competence. We offer a mechanistic account of this decoupling by analyzing the geometry of internal states across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Debdeep Sanyal , Manya Pandey , Dhruv Kumar , Saurabh Deshpande , Murari Mandal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as epistemic partners in everyday reasoning, yet their errors remain predominantly analyzed through predictive metrics rather than through their interpretive effects on human judgment. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Claudia Vale Oliveira , Nelson Zagalo , Filipe Silva , Anabela Brandao , Syeda Faryal Hussain Khurrum , Joaquim Santos

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, their tendency to exhibit sycophantic behavior - excessively agreeing with or flattering users - poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Lars Malmqvist

Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where reliability matters, yet output-level uncertainty signals such as token probabilities, entropy, and self-consistency can become brittle under calibration--deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yanli Wang , Peng Kuang , Xiaoyu Han , Kaidi Xu , Haohan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Memristor-based analog compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures provide a promising substrate for the efficient deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs), owing to superior energy efficiency and computational density. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Taiqiang Wu , Yuxin Cheng , Chenchen Ding , Runming Yang , Xincheng Feng , Wenyong Zhou , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

Generative artificial intelligence is increasingly being integrated into complex business workflows, fundamentally shifting the boundaries of managerial decision-making. However, the reliability of its strategic advice in ambiguous business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sule Ozturk Birim , Fabrizio Marozzo , Yigit Kazancoglu

This work introduces a novel framework for evaluating LLMs' capacity to balance instruction-following with critical reasoning when presented with multiple-choice questions containing no valid answers. Through systematic evaluation across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gracjan Góral , Emilia Wiśnios , Piotr Sankowski , Paweł Budzianowski

LLMs deployed multilingually are often audited via English explanations for non-English inputs. We evaluate extractive explanations ''where the model identifies input token spans as evidence alongside a generated rationale'' and uncover a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Somnath Banerjee , Pranav Jha , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Recent research has made significant strides in aligning large language models (LLMs) with helpfulness and harmlessness. In this paper, we argue for the importance of alignment for \emph{honesty}, ensuring that LLMs proactively refuse to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuqing Yang , Ethan Chern , Xipeng Qiu , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination stemming from misaligned self-awareness, particularly when processing queries exceeding their knowledge boundaries. While existing mitigation strategies employ uncertainty estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Metacognition--the capacity to monitor and evaluate one's own knowledge and performance--is foundational to human decision-making, learning, and communication. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in both high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mark Steyvers , Megan A. K. Peters

The application of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare holds significant promise for enhancing clinical decision-making, medical research, and patient care. However, their integration into real-world clinical settings raises critical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Manar Aljohani , Jun Hou , Sindhura Kommu , Xuan Wang

Large reasoning models with reasoning capabilities achieve state-of-the-art performance on complex tasks, but their robustness under multi-turn adversarial pressure remains underexplored. We evaluate nine frontier reasoning models under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yubo Li , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet they struggle with spatial tasks that require mental simulation, such as mental rotation. This paper investigates whether equipping an LLM with an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sergio Y. Hayashi , Nina S. T. Hirata

Context: Study screening in systematic literature reviews is costly, inconsistency-prone, and risk-asymmetric, since false negatives can compromise validity. Despite rapid uptake of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is limited evidence on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Gilberto Sussumu Hida , Danilo Monteiro Ribeiro , Erika Yahata

As LLM-powered chatbots are increasingly deployed in mental health services, detecting hallucinations and omissions has become critical for user safety. However, state-of-the-art LLM-as-a-judge methods often fail in high-risk healthcare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Khizar Hussain , Bradley A. Malin , Zhijun Yin , Susannah Leigh Rose , Murat Kantarcioglu