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The traditional techniques for extracting polycrystalline grain structures from microscopy images, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are labour-intensive, subjective, and time-consuming,…

This work presents a fast and scalable approach for predicting surface stability and equilibrium crystal morphology in ionic materials using electrostatic analysis. The method constructs stoichiometric slab terminations and evaluates their…

High temperatures promote kinetic processes which can drive crystal synthesis towards ideal thermodynamic conditions, thereby realizing samples of superior quality. While accessing very high temperatures in thin-film epitaxy is becoming…

In coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy the diffraction pattern generated by a sample illuminated with coherent x-rays is recorded, and a computer algorithm recovers the unmeasured phases to synthesize an image. By avoiding the use of a…

Ptychography is an enabling coherent diffraction imaging technique for both fundamental and applied sciences. Its applications in optical microscopy, however, fall short for its low imaging throughput and limited resolution. Here, we report…

The principal limitation in many areas of astronomy, especially for directly imaging exoplanets, arises from instability in the point spread function (PSF) delivered by the telescope and instrument. To understand the transfer function, it…

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image synthesis. However, addressing artifacts and unrealistic regions remains a critical challenge. We propose self-refining diffusion, a novel framework that enhances image generation…

Beam shaping - the ability to engineer the phase and the amplitude of massive and massless particles - has long interested scientists working on communication, imaging and the foundations of quantum mechanics. In light optics, the shaping…

Coherent diffraction imaging methods enable imaging beyond lens-imposed resolution limits. In these methods, the object can be recovered by minimizing an error metric that quantifies the difference between diffraction patterns as observed,…

We present a novel method for predicting binary phase diagrams through the automatic construction of a minimal basis set of representative templates. The core assumption is that any materials space can be divided into a small number of…

In this manuscript we demonstrate a method to reconstruct the wavefront of focused beams from a measured diffraction pattern behind a diffracting mask in real-time. The phase problem is solved by means of a neural network, which is trained…

Transformer-based architectures have become the de-facto standard models for diverse vision tasks owing to their superior performance. As the size of the models continues to scale up, model distillation becomes extremely important in…

Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding…

Advances in generative artificial intelligence are transforming how metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are designed and discovered. This Perspective introduces the shift from laborious enumeration of MOF candidates to generative approaches…

Efficient synthesis recipes are needed both to streamline the manufacturing of complex materials and to accelerate the realization of theoretically predicted materials. Oftentimes the solid-state synthesis of multicomponent oxides is…

Chip-scale optical phased arrays could enable compact beam steering and LIDAR for autonomous vehicles, precision robotics, and free-space optical communications. Because these applications demand wide angle beam steering as well as high…

The engineering of quantum materials requires the development of tools able to address various synthesis and characterization challenges. These include the establishment and refinement of growth methods, material manipulation, and defect…

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an essential technique to determine a material's crystal structure in high-throughput experimentation, and has recently been incorporated in artificially intelligent agents in autonomous scientific discovery…

Current semantic segmentation models typically require a substantial amount of manually annotated data, a process that is both time-consuming and resource-intensive. Alternatively, leveraging advanced text-to-image models such as Midjourney…

The study of the nanomechanics of graphene $-$ and other 2D materials $-$ has led to the discovery of exciting new properties in 2D crystals, such as their remarkable in-plane stiffness and out of plane flexibility, as well as their unique…