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The single photon detectors currently used in quantum communication schemes impose considerable restrictions on signal registration and dark count rates, require cooling to low temperatures, and are relatively expensive. Alternative…

In this paper, we develop a communication-oriented complex baseband equivalent model for superheterodyne Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs). The model explicitly captures photodetection-induced signal-dependent shot noise and its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Qihao Peng , Qu Luo , Tierui Gong , Neng Ye , Jizhou Wu , Cunhua Pan , Maged Elkashlan , Pei Xiao , Chau Yuen , George K. Karagiannidis , Jiangzhou Wang

Quantum communication protocols require efficient detection schemes to maximize the information transfer rate between the sender and the receiver. To this aim, we have demonstrated that weak-field receivers, merging wave-like and…

True random numbers are extracted through measurements of vacuum fluctuations in quantum state components. We propose an improved scheme utilizing an optimization-based simulation methodology to enhance the temporal resolution of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Hong Lin , Mengmeng Liu , Xiaomin Guo , Yue Luo , Qiqi Wang , Zhijie Song , Yanqiang Guo , Liantuan Xiao

The advent of stable, highly squeezed states of light has generated great interest in the gravitational wave community as a means for improving the quantumnoise- limited performance of advanced interferometric detectors. To confidently…

Rydberg atom based sensors allow for SI traceable measurements and show promise for applications in the field of communication and radar technologies. In this article, we investigate the bandwidth and sensitivity of a Rydberg atom-based…

In this work we explore monolithic opto-electronic integration platform for significant down-scaling of input-referred noise in custom designed low-noise analog front-end used for balanced photodetection. The performance of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Dinka Milovančev , Nemanja Vokić

Balanced photodetector (BPD) is an important component for high-speed coherent receiver. Optimization strategy of waveguide-based multi-quantum well (MQW) BPDs, operating at 1550 nm is demonstrated on generic InP platform. Design parameters…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-22 Dhiman Nag , Weiming Yao , Jos J. G. M. van der Tol

We examine different methods to implement coherent detection in the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (SCW QKD) systems. For classical wavefields, we present the models describing homodyne-type and heterodyne-type coherent detection…

The Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver provides an efficient method to reconstruct the complex-valued optical field by means of intensity detection given a minimum-phase signal. In this paper, we analytically show that for detecting coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Fan Zhang , Jiayu Zheng , Haijun Kang , Fengxiao Sun , Qiongyi He , Xiaolong Su

Traditional method for measuring continuous-variable quantum entanglement relies on balanced homodyne detections, which are sensitive to vacuum quantum noise coupled in through losses resulted from many factors such as detector's quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Jiamin Li , Yuhong Liu , Nan Huo , Liang Cui , Sheng Feng , Xiaoying Li , Z. Y. Ou

Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) relies on accurate noise calibration at the receiver to ensure the security of quantum communication. Traditional calibration methods often oversimplify noise characteristics, neglecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Guillaume Ricard , Yves Jaouën , Romain Alléaume

A pulsed balanced homodyne detector has been developed for precise measurements of electric field quadratures of pulsed optical quantum states. A high level of common mode suppression (> 85 dB) and low electronic noise (730 electrons per…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Hansen , T. Aichele , C. Hettich , P. Lodahl , A. I. Lvovsky , J. Mlynek , S. Schiller

Continuous-variable quantum cryptographic systems, including random number generation and key distribution, are often based on coherent detection. The essence of the security analysis lies in the randomness quantification. Previous analyses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-24 Hongyi Zhou , Pei Zeng , Mohsen Razavi , Xiongfeng Ma

We study the problem of calibrating a quantum receiver for optical coherent states when transmitted on a quantum optical channel with variable transmissivity, a common model for long-distance optical-fiber and free/deep-space optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Matias Bilkis , Matteo Rosati , John Calsamiglia

There has been much recent interest in quantum metrology for applications to sub-Raleigh ranging and remote sensing such as in quantum radar. For quantum radar, atmospheric absorption and diffraction rapidly degrades any actively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-18 Kebei Jiang , Hwang Lee , Christopher C. Gerry , Jonathan P. Dowling

Measuring low light absorption with combined uncertainty < 1 permille is crucial in a wide range of applications. Popular cavity ring-down spectroscopy can provide ultra-high precision, below 0.01 permille, but its accuracy is strongly…

Optical quantum computing, as well as quantum communication and sensing technology based on quantum correlations are in preparation. These require photodiodes for the detection of about 10^16 photons per second with close to perfect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Leif Albers , Jan-Malte Michaelsen , Roman Schnabel

The single photon detection efficiency of the detector unit is crucial for the security of common quantum key distribution protocols like Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84). A low value for the efficiency indicates a possible eavesdropping attack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Øystein Marøy , Vadim Makarov , Johannes Skaar

At the core of an ideal single photon detector is an active material that ideally absorbs and converts photons to discriminable electronic signals. A large active material volume favours high-efficiency absorption, but often at the expense…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-09-15 Mohsen K. Akhlaghi , Ellen Schelew , Jeff F. Young