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Multimodal models are becoming increasingly effective, in part due to unified components, such as the Transformer architecture. However, multimodal models still often consist of many task- and modality-specific pieces and training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Michael Tschannen , Basil Mustafa , Neil Houlsby

Unified vision-language models have made significant progress in multimodal understanding and generation, yet they largely fall short in producing multimodal interleaved outputs, which is a crucial capability for tasks like visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ming Nie , Chunwei Wang , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

In recent years, soft prompt learning methods have been proposed to fine-tune large-scale vision-language pre-trained models for various downstream tasks. These methods typically combine learnable textual tokens with class tokens as input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yingjie Tian , Yiqi Wang , Xianda Guo , Zheng Zhu , Long Chen

Multi-modal fusion is crucial for Internet of Things (IoT) perception, widely deployed in smart homes, intelligent transport, industrial automation, and healthcare. However, existing systems often face challenges: high model complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Weiqi Yang , Xu Zhou , Jingfu Guan , Hao Du , Tianyu Bai

As large-scale models evolve, language instructions are increasingly utilized in multi-modal tasks. Due to human language habits, these instructions often contain ambiguities in real-world scenarios, necessitating the integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Minheng Ni , Yutao Fan , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

The evolution of cellular networks is driven by the dream of ubiquitous wireless connectivity: Any data service is instantly accessible everywhere. With each generation of cellular networks, we have moved closer to this wireless dream;…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Emil Björnson , Eduard Jorswieck , Mérouane Debbah , Björn Ottersten

Medical foundation models (MFMs) aim to learn universal representations from multimodal medical images that can generalize effectively to diverse downstream clinical tasks. However, most existing MFMs suffer from information ambiguity that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Jiaxiong Yang , Ying Wen , Lianghua He , Heng Tao Shen

Language-guided image generation has achieved great success nowadays by using diffusion models. However, texts can be less detailed to describe highly-specific subjects such as a particular dog or a certain car, which makes pure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yiyang Ma , Huan Yang , Wenjing Wang , Jianlong Fu , Jiaying Liu

Recent advances in unified multimodal models indicate a clear trend towards comprehensive content generation. However, the auditory domain remains a significant challenge, with music and speech often developed in isolation, hindering…

Unified multimodal models integrate the reasoning capacity of large language models with both image understanding and generation, showing great promise for advanced multimodal intelligence. However, the community still lacks a rigorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongxiang Li , Yaowei Li , Bin Lin , Yuwei Niu , Yuhang Yang , Xiaoshuang Huang , Jiayin Cai , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Long Chen

Multi-modal object tracking integrates auxiliary modalities such as depth, thermal infrared, event flow, and language to provide additional information beyond RGB images, showing great potential in improving tracking stabilization in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shiyu Xuan , Zechao Li , Jinhui Tang

Unified understanding and generation is a highly appealing research direction in multimodal learning. There exist two approaches: one trains a transformer via an auto-regressive paradigm, and the other adopts a two-stage scheme connecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shihao Zhao , Yitong Chen , Zeyinzi Jiang , Bojia Zi , Shaozhe Hao , Yu Liu , Chaojie Mao , Kwan-Yee K. Wong

The fashion domain encompasses a variety of real-world multimodal tasks, including multimodal retrieval and multimodal generation. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence generated content, particularly in technologies like large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Zhao , Yuehan Zhang , Wenlong Zhang , Xiao-Ming Wu

Aligning objects with corresponding textual descriptions is a fundamental challenge and a realistic requirement in vision-language understanding. While recent multimodal embedding models excel at global image-text alignment, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shenghao Fu , Yukun Su , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xiaohua Xie , Wei-Shi Zheng

The remarkable success of diffusion models in text-to-image generation has sparked growing interest in expanding their capabilities to a variety of multi-modal tasks, including image understanding, manipulation, and perception. These tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinyang Song , Libin Wang , Weining Wang , Shaozhen Liu , Dandan Zheng , Jingdong Chen , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

Unified multimodal models have recently shown remarkable gains in both capability and versatility, yet most leading systems are still trained from scratch and require substantial computational resources. In this paper, we show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zeyu Wang , Zilong Chen , Chenhui Gou , Feng Li , Chaorui Deng , Deyao Zhu , Kunchang Li , Weihao Yu , Haoqin Tu , Haoqi Fan , Cihang Xie

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating unimodal data across various tasks, including image, video, and text generation. On the contrary, the joint generation of multimodal data through diffusion models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kevin Rojas , Yuchen Zhu , Sichen Zhu , Felix X. -F. Ye , Molei Tao

Unified multimodal models have recently attracted considerable attention for their remarkable abilities in jointly understanding and generating diverse content. However, as contexts integrate increasingly numerous interleaved multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yanzuo Lu , Xin Xia , Manlin Zhang , Huafeng Kuang , Jianbin Zheng , Yuxi Ren , Xuefeng Xiao

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) have unified a vast range of language tasks, inspiring preliminary efforts in autoregressive (AR) video generation. Existing AR video generators either diverge from standard LLM architectures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hangjie Yuan , Weihua Chen , Jun Cen , Hu Yu , Jingyun Liang , Shuning Chang , Zhihui Lin , Tao Feng , Pengwei Liu , Jiazheng Xing , Hao Luo , Jiasheng Tang , Fan Wang , Yi Yang

Unified video modeling that combines generation and understanding capabilities is increasingly important but faces two key challenges: maintaining semantic faithfulness during flow-based generation due to text-visual token imbalance and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiabin Luo , Junhui Lin , Zeyu Zhang , Biao Wu , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Hao Tang