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Related papers: Contextual Safety Reasoning and Grounding for Open…

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This paper proposes a formal robot motion risk reasoning framework and develops a risk-aware path planner that minimizes the proposed risk. While robots locomoting in unstructured or confined environments face a variety of risk, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Xuesu Xiao , Jan Dufek , Robin Murphy

Humans can look at a static scene and instantly predict what happens next -- will moving this object cause a collision? We call this ability Causal Spatial Reasoning. However, current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) cannot do this,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wenxin Ma , Chenlong Wang , Ruisheng Yuan , Hao Chen , Nanru Dai , S. Kevin Zhou , Yijun Yang , Alan Yuille , Jieneng Chen

Robots must adapt to diverse human instructions and operate safely in unstructured, open-world environments. Recent Vision-Language models (VLMs) offer strong priors for grounding language and perception, but remain difficult to steer for…

Detecting anomalous hazards in visual data, particularly in video streams, is a critical challenge in autonomous driving. Existing models often struggle with unpredictable, out-of-label hazards due to their reliance on predefined object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Shashank Shriram , Srinivasa Perisetla , Aryan Keskar , Harsha Krishnaswamy , Tonko Emil Westerhof Bossen , Andreas Møgelmose , Ross Greer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in traditional safety alignment, which often relies on rigid refusal heuristics or representation engineering to block harmful outputs. While they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuyou Zhang , Miao Li , William Han , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Ding Zhao

Predicting the near-term behavior of a reactive agent is crucial in many robotic scenarios, yet remains challenging when observations of that agent are sparse or intermittent. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a promising avenue by…

Active perception, the ability of a robot to proactively adjust its viewpoint to acquire task-relevant information, is essential for robust operation in unstructured real-world environments. While critical for downstream tasks such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yongxi Huang , Zhuohang Wang , Wenjing Tang , Cewu Lu , Panpan Cai

Real-world robots often operate in settings where objective priorities depend on the underlying context of operation. When the underlying context is unknown apriori, multiple robots may have to coordinate to gather informative observations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Pulkit Rustagi , Kyle Hollins Wray , Sandhya Saisubramanian

The automation of High-Level Context (HLC) reasoning across intelligent systems at scale is imperative because of the unceasing accumulation of contextual data, the trend of the fusion of data from multiple sources (e.g., sensors,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Songhui Yue , Xiaoyan Hong , Randy K. Smith

Recent advances in open-vocabulary mobile manipulation have brought robots into real domestic environments. In such settings, reliable long-horizon execution under open-set object references and frequent disturbances becomes essential.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jinhao Jiang , Shengyu Fang , Sibo Zuo , Yujie Tang , Yirui Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their ability to make context-aware safety decisions remains limited. Existing methods often fail to balance oversensitivity (unjustified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zheyuan Liu , Zhangchen Xu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhaoxuan Tan , Radha Poovendran , Meng Jiang

Knowing which latent conditions lead to a particular outcome is useful for critically examining claims made about complex event outcomes. Identifying implied conditions and examining their influence on an outcome is challenging. We handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Vallurupalli , Francis Ferraro

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in text-based tasks but often struggle to provide actionable guidance in real-world physical environments. This is because of their inability to recognize their limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Muhammad Saif Ullah Khan , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal , Didier Stricker

Bridging the gap between natural language commands and autonomous execution in unstructured environments remains an open challenge for robotics. This requires robots to perceive and reason over the current task scene through multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jin Wang , Kim Tien Ly , Jacques Cloete , Nikos Tsagarakis , Ioannis Havoutis

Humans learn how and when to apply forces in the world via a complex physiological and psychological learning process. Attempting to replicate this in vision-language models (VLMs) presents two challenges: VLMs can produce harmful behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 William Xie , Enora Rice , Nikolaus Correll

Robotics has been a popular field of research in the past few decades, with much success in industrial applications such as manufacturing and logistics. This success is led by clearly defined use cases and controlled operating environments.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-13 William Z. Ye , Eduardo B. Sandoval , Pamela Carreno-Medrano , Francisco Cru

Robot navigation in dynamic, human-centered environments requires socially-compliant decisions grounded in robust scene understanding. Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit promising capabilities such as object recognition,…

Human-robot interaction requires a common understanding of the operational environment, which can be provided by a representation that blends geometric and symbolic knowledge: a semantic map. Through a semantic map the robot can interpret…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sara Kaszuba , Sandeep Reddy Sabbella , Vincenzo Suriani , Francesco Riccio , Daniele Nardi

Language-conditioned local navigation requires a robot to infer a nearby traversable target location from its current observation and an open-vocabulary, relational instruction. Existing vision-language spatial grounding methods usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xinyu Gao , Gang Chen , Javier Alonso-Mora

Enabling robots to understand instructions provided via spoken natural language would facilitate interaction between robots and people in a variety of settings in homes and workplaces. However, natural language instructions are often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Haonan Chen , Hao Tan , Alan Kuntz , Mohit Bansal , Ron Alterovitz