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Assurance cases (ACs) are a common artifact for building and maintaining confidence in system properties such as safety or robustness. Constructing an AC can be challenging, although existing tools provide support in static,…
Semantic role labeling (SRL) is a central natural language processing task for understanding predicate-argument structures within texts and enabling downstream applications. Despite extensive research, comprehensive surveys that critically…
Open-vocabulary object detection (OVOD) enables models to recognize objects beyond predefined categories, but existing approaches remain limited in practical deployment. On the one hand, multimodal designs often incur substantial…
Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on many reasoning benchmarks, yet existing evaluations rarely assess their ability to distinguish between meaningful semantic relations and genuine unrelatedness. We introduce CORE (Comprehensive…
Concurrent systems are notoriously difficult to analyze, and technological advances such as weak memory architectures greatly compound this problem. This has renewed interest in partial order semantics as a theoretical foundation for formal…
Metamodeling refers to scenarios in ontologies in which classes and roles can be members of classes or occur in roles. This is a desirable modelling feature in several applications, but allowing it without restrictions is problematic for…
A finite constraint language $\mathscr{R}$ is a finite set of relations over some finite domain $A$. We show that intractability of the constraint satisfaction problem $\operatorname{CSP}(\mathscr{R})$ can, in all known cases, be replaced…
One-Counter Nets (OCNs) are finite-state automata equipped with a counter that is not allowed to become negative, but does not have zero tests. Their simplicity and close connection to various other models (e.g., VASS, Counter Machines and…
Cross-modal retrieval (CMR) aims to establish interaction between different modalities, among which supervised CMR is emerging due to its flexibility in learning semantic category discrimination. Despite the remarkable performance of…
In open-set recognition (OSR), a promising strategy is exploiting pseudo-unknown data outside given $K$ known classes as an additional $K$+$1$-th class to explicitly model potential open space. However, treating unknown classes without…
Joint entity and relation extraction is a process that identifies entity pairs and their relations using a single model. We focus on the problem of joint extraction in distantly-labeled data, whose labels are generated by aligning entity…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in long chain-of-thought reasoning often fail when different knowledge sources provide conflicting signals. We formalize these failures under a unified notion of knowledge conflict, distinguishing…
Java projects are often built on top of various third-party libraries. If multiple versions of a library exist on the classpath, JVM will only load one version and shadow the others, which we refer to as dependency conflicts. This would…
Rich semantics inside an image result in its ambiguous relationship with others, i.e., two images could be similar in one condition but dissimilar in another. Given triplets like "aircraft" is similar to "bird" than "train", Weakly…
Unconstrained text recognition is an important computer vision task, featuring a wide variety of different sub-tasks, each with its own set of challenges. One of the biggest promises of deep neural networks has been the convergence and…
Identifying unexpected domain-shifted instances in natural language processing is crucial in real-world applications. Previous works identify the out-of-distribution (OOD) instance by leveraging a single global feature embedding to…
Large language models often struggle to recognize their knowledge limits in closed-book question answering, leading to confident hallucinations. While decomposed prompting is typically used to improve accuracy, we investigate its impact on…
Knowledge graphs store large numbers of relations efficiently, but they remain weak at representing a quieter difficulty: the meaning of a concept often shifts with the domain in which it is used. A triple such as Apple, instance-of,…
Reasoning segmentation seeks pixel-accurate masks for targets referenced by complex, often implicit instructions, requiring context-dependent reasoning over the scene. Recent multimodal language models have advanced instruction following…
The task of verifying the compatibility between interacting web services has traditionally been limited to checking the compatibility of the interaction protocol in terms of message sequences and the type of data being exchanged. Since web…