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Reconstructing the longitudinal profile of extensive air showers, generated from the interaction of cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere, is crucial to understanding their mass composition, which in turn provides valuable insight on their…

Detection of extensive air showers with radio antennas is an appealing technique in cosmic ray physics. However, because of the high level of measurement noise, current reconstruction methods still leave room for improvement. Furthermore,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 Simon Strähnz , Tim Huege , Torsten Enßlin , Karen Terveer , Anna Nelles

The mass composition of cosmic rays contains important clues about their origin. Accurate measurements are needed to resolve long-standing issues such as the transition from Galactic to extragalactic origin, and the nature of the cutoff…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , J. E. Enriquez , H. Falcke , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , A. Nelles , J. P. Rachen , P. Schellart , O. Scholten , S. ter Veen , S. Thoudam , T. N. G. Trinh

Reconstructing the electric field from the measured voltages in an antenna, unfolding the antenna response, comes with several problems. Due to the noisiness of the signal it is often necessary to disregard part of the bandwidth of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-10-15 Simon Strähnz , Tim Huege , Philipp Frank , Torsten Enßlin

Particle showers in dielectric media produce radio signals which are used for the detection of both ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos with energies above a few PeV. The amplitude, polarization, and spectrum of these short,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-05 Christoph Welling , Philipp Frank , Torsten A. Enßlin , Anna Nelles

Cosmic-ray air shower detection with the low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope is envisioned to yield very high precision measurements of the particle composition of cosmic rays between $10^{16}$ and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 A. Corstanje , S. Buitink , S. Bouma , M. Desmet , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , P. Laub , K. Mulrey , A. Nelles , O. Scholten , K. Terveer , S. Thoudam , K. Watanabe

The pattern of the radio emission of air showers is finely sampled with the Low-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). A set of 382 measured air showers is used to test a fast, analytic parameterization of the distribution of pulse powers. Using this…

{Measurements of cosmic-ray composition based on air-shower measurements rely mostly on the determination of the position of the shower maximum ($X_\mathrm{max}$). One efficient technique is to image the development of the air shower using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-03 V. B. Jhansi , S. Thoudam , S. Buitink , A. Corstranje , M. Desmet , J. R. Horandel , T. Heuge , K. Mulrey , O. Scholten

We developed a radio interferometric technique for the observation of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic particles. In this proof-of-principle study we show that properties of extensive air showers can be derived with high accuracy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-11 Harm Schoorlemmer , Washington R. Carvalho

Over the last decades, radio detection of air showers has been established as a detection technique for ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere with energies far beyond LHC energies. Today's second-generation of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-14 Anne Zilles , Didier Charrier , Kumiko Kotera , Sandra Le Coz , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Clementina Medina , Valentin Niess , Matias Tueros , Krijn de Vries

Very inclined extensive air showers (EAS), with both down-going and up-going trajectories, are particularly targeted by the next generation of extended radio arrays, such as GRAND. Methods to reconstruct the incoming direction, core…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Valentin Decoene , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Matìas Tueros , Simon Chiche

Over the last years, radio detection has matured to become a competitive method for the detection of air showers. Arrays of thousands of antennas are now envisioned for the detection of cosmic rays of ultra high energy or neutrinos of…

Radio detection is now an established technique for the study of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays with energies above $\sim10^{17}$ eV. The next-generation of radio experiments aims to extend this technique to the observation of UHE…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-14 Marion Guelfand , Valentin Decoene , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Simon Prunet , Matías Tueros , Oscar Macias , Aurélien Benoit-Lévy

Measuring radio emission from air showers provides excellent opportunities to directly measure all air shower properties, including the shower development. To exploit this in large-scale experiments, a simple and analytic parameterization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-06-23 Anna Nelles , Stijn Buitink , Heino Falcke , Jörg Hörandel , Tim Huege , Pim Schellart

The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\,\mathrm{years}$ of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-27 P. Schellart , A. Nelles , S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , J. E. Enriquez , H. Falcke , W. Frieswijk , J. R. Hörandel , A. Horneffer , C. W. James , M. Krause , M. Mevius , O. Scholten , S. ter Veen , S. Thoudam , M. van den Akker , A. Alexov , J. Anderson , I. M. Avruch , L. Bähren , R. Beck , M. E. Bell , P. Bennema , M. J. Bentum , G. Bernardi , P. Best , J. Bregman , F. Breitling , M. Brentjens , J. Broderick , M. Brüggen , B. Ciardi , A. Coolen , F. de Gasperin , E. de Geus , A. de Jong , M. de Vos , S. Duscha , J. Eislöffel , R. A. Fallows , C. Ferrari , M. A. Garrett , J. Grießmeier , T. Grit , J. P. Hamaker , T. E. Hassall , G. Heald , J. W. T. Hessels , M. Hoeft , H. A. Holties , M. Iacobelli , E. Juette , A. Karastergiou , W. Klijn , J. Kohler , V. I. Kondratiev , M. Kramer , M. Kuniyoshi , G. Kuper , P. Maat , G. Macario , G. Mann , S. Markoff , D. McKay-Bukowski , J. P. McKean , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , J. D. Mol , D. D. Mulcahy , H. Munk , R. Nijboer , M. J. Norden , E. Orru , R. Overeem , H. Paas , M. Pandey-Pommier , R. Pizzo , A. G. Polatidis , A. Renting , J. W. Romein , H. Röttgering , A. Schoenmakers , D. Schwarz , J. Sluman , O. Smirnov , C. Sobey , B. W. Stappers , M. Steinmetz , J. Swinbank , Y. Tang , C. Tasse , C. Toribio , J. van Leeuwen , R. van Nieuwpoort , R. J. van Weeren , N. Vermaas , R. Vermeulen , C. Vocks , C. Vogt , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. J. Wijnholds , M. W. Wise , O. Wucknitz , S. Yatawatta , P. Zarka , A. Zensus

The LOPES experiment, a digital radio interferometer located at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), obtained remarkable results for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies. Features of the radio…

Direct imaging of cosmic-ray-induced particle showers during daylight is a long-standing challenge in astroparticle physics. A promising avenue for capturing images of these showers is through the radio emissions generated by their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Maximilian Straub , Torsten Enßlin , Martin Erdmann , Philipp Frank , Mike Zingler

We investigate features of the lateral distribution function (LDF) of the radio signal emitted by cosmic ray air-showers with primary energies $> 0.1$~EeV and its connection to air-shower parameters such as energy and shower maximum using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-21 D. Kostunin , P. A. Bezyazeekov , R. Hiller , F. G. Schröder , V. Lenok , E. Levinson

We develop information field theory (IFT) as a means of Bayesian inference on spatially distributed signals, the information fields. A didactical approach is attempted. Starting from general considerations on the nature of measurements,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-29 Torsten A. Ensslin , Mona Frommert , Francisco S. Kitaura

The radio detection of very inclined air showers offers a promising avenue for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and neutrinos. Accurate reconstruction methods are essential for investigating the properties of primary…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Kewen Zhang , Duan Kaikai , Ramesh Koirala , Matías Tueros , Chao Zhang , Yi Zhang
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