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Various processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators based on various devices, micro-architectures, and interfaces have been proposed to accelerate deep neural networks (DNNs). How to deploy DNNs onto PIM-based accelerators is the key to explore…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiaotian Sun , Xinyu Wang , Wanqian Li , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

We present an end-to-end open-source compiler toolchain that targets synthesizable SystemVerilog from ML models written in PyTorch. Our toolchain leverages the accelerator design language Allo, the hardware intermediate representation (IR)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiahan Xie , Evan Williams , Adrian Sampson

As customized accelerator design has become increasingly popular to keep up with the demand for high performance computing, it poses challenges for modern simulator design to adapt to such a large variety of accelerators. Existing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Zhijing Li , Yuwei Ye , Stephen Neuendorffer , Adrian Sampso

Code optimization is a crucial task that aims to enhance code performance. However, this process is often tedious and complex, highlighting the necessity for automatic code optimization techniques. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as…

Modern computing workloads commonly involve matrix-matrix multiplication (mmul) as a core computing pattern. Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) can flexibly and efficiently support it, since they combine operation-level…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yuxuan Wang , María José Belda , Fernando Castro , Katzalin Olcoz , David Atienza , Giovanni Ansaloni

As the usage of deep learning becomes increasingly popular in mobile and embedded solutions, it is necessary to convert the framework-specific network representations into executable code for these embedded platforms. This paper consists of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Max Sponner , Bernd Waschneck , Akash Kumar

The von Neumann architecture, in which the memory and the computation units are separated, demands massive data traffic between the memory and the CPU. To reduce data movement, new technologies and computer architectures have been explored.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Adi Eliahu , Rotem Ben-Hur , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Achieving faster execution with shorter compilation time can foster further diversity and innovation in neural networks. However, the current paradigm of executing neural networks either relies on hand-optimized libraries, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Byung Hoon Ahn , Prannoy Pilligundla , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

This work presents Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation (HEIR), a unified approach to building homomorphic encryption (HE) compilers. HEIR aims to support all mainstream techniques in homomorphic encryption, integrate with all…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of software engineering and coding tasks. However, their application in the domain of code and compiler optimization remains underexplored. Training…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Chris Cummins , Volker Seeker , Dejan Grubisic , Baptiste Roziere , Jonas Gehring , Gabriel Synnaeve , Hugh Leather

Achieving high-performance GPU kernels requires optimizing algorithm implementations to the targeted GPU architecture. It is of utmost importance to fully use the compute and memory hierarchy, as well as available specialised hardware.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Bastian Hagedorn , Archibald Samuel Elliott , Henrik Barthels , Rastislav Bodik , Vinod Grover

Driven by increasing compute requirements for deep learning models, compiler developers have been looking for ways to target specialised hardware and heterogeneous systems more efficiently. The MLIR project has the goal to offer…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jules Merckx

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu

Kernel development in deep learning requires optimizing computational units across hardware while balancing memory management, parallelism, and hardware-specific optimizations through extensive empirical tuning. Although domain-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shangzhan Li , Zefan Wang , Ye He , Yuxuan Li , Qi Shi , Jianling Li , Yonggang Hu , Wanxiang Che , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Trapped-ion quantum computers based on segmented traps rely on shuttling operations to establish long-range connectivity between sub-registers. Qubit routing dynamically reconfigures qubit positions so that all qubits involved in a gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Fabian Kreppel , Reza Salkhordeh , Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler , André Brinkmann

LLM-guided compiler optimization has recently shown promise, but existing approaches rely on a single large LLM throughout search, making them expensive and excluding smaller models. We pose the research question: whether heterogeneous LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

Hardware accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Intel Xeon Phi co-processors (PHIs), and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are now ubiquitous in extreme-scale high performance computing (HPC), cloud, and Big data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Daniel Hanlon , Hamidreza Khalighzadeh , Ravi Reddy Manumachu , Alexey Lastovetsky

In this extended abstract we present our current work on leveraging Standard ML for developing embedded and real-time systems. Specifically we detail our experiences in modifying MLton, a whole program, optimizing compiler for Standard ML,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-08-26 Jeffrey Murphy , Bhargav Shivkumar , Lukasz Ziarek

Porting deep learning algorithms to new hardware accelerators requires developers to repeatedly apply the same low-level optimizations -- quantization, memory access coalescing, tile size tuning, and architecture-specific workarounds -- to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Marcin Spoczynski , Daniel Fleischer , Moshe Berchansky , Gabriela Ben-Melech Stan , Shira Guskin , Weilin Xu , Adam Siemieniuk , Alexander Heinecke

Modern Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models increasingly rely on large-scale AI accelerator clusters for efficient training. Ascend NPUs expose heterogeneous on-chip compute resources, including matrix-oriented AIC units and vector-oriented AIV…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zewen Jin , Congkun Ai , Guangpeng Zhang , Hanbo Zhang , Haoran Wang , Shihan Xiao , Da Lei , Xuefeng Jin , Teng Su , Cheng Li