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We consider a dynamical system undergoing a saddle-node bifurcation with an explicitly time dependent parameter~$p(t)$. The combined dynamics can be considered as a dynamical systems where $p$ is a slowly evolving parameter. Here, we…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2024-01-19 Elias Enache , Oleksandr Kozak , Nico Wunderling , Jürgen Vollmer

A classical scenario for tipping is that a dynamical system experiences a slow parameter drift across a fold tipping point, caused by a run-away positive feedback loop. We study what happens if one turns around after one has crossed the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Paul Ritchie , Ozkan Karabacak , Jan Sieber

This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding tipping points and cascading transitions within the Earth system, framing them through the lens of nonlinear dynamics and complexity science. It outlines the fundamental concepts…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Sheng Fang , Ziyan Wang , Jürgen Kurths , Jingfang Fan

We discuss tipping phenomena (critical transitions) in nonautonomous systems using an example of a bistable ecosystem model with environmental changes represented by time-varying parameters [Scheffer et al., Ecosystems, 11 (2008), pp.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Paul E. O'Keeffe , Sebastian Wieczorek

Recently the global average temperature has temporarily exceeded the 1.5{\deg}C goal of the Paris Agreement, and so an overshoot of various climate tipping elements becomes increasingly likely. In this study we analyze the physical…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Jelle Soons , Tobias Grafke , René M. van Westen , Henk A. Dijkstra

Tipping points (TP) in climate sub-systems are usually thought to occur at a well-defined, critical forcing parameter threshold, via destabilization of the system state by a single, dominant positive feedback. However, coupling to other…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Johannes Lohmann , Henk A. Dijkstra , Markus Jochum , Valerio Lucarini , Peter D. Ditlevsen

Various subsystems of the Earth system may undergo critical transitions by passing a so-called tipping point, under sustained changes to forcing. For example, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is of particular…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-01 Kerstin Lux , Peter Ashwin , Richard Wood , Christian Kuehn

Nonlinear dynamical systems may be exposed to tipping points, critical thresholds at which small changes in the external inputs or in the systems parameters abruptly shift the system to an alternative state with a contrasting dynamical…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-10-07 Everton S. Medeiros , Iberê L. Caldas , Murilo S. Baptista , Ulrike Feudel

One way to warn of forthcoming critical transitions in Earth system components is using observations to detect declining system stability. It has also been suggested to extrapolate such stability changes into the future and predict tipping…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-08-14 Maya Ben-Yami , Andreas Morr , Sebastian Bathiany , Niklas Boers

The early detection of tipping points, which describe a rapid departure from a stable state, is an important theoretical and practical challenge. Tipping points are most commonly associated with the disappearance of steady-state or periodic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-09 Andrew Keane , Bernd Krauskopf , Timothy M. Lenton

With rising global temperatures Earth's tipping elements are becoming increasingly more vulnerable to crossing their critical thresholds. The reaching of such tipping points does not only impact other tipping elements through their…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-05-08 Tom Bdolach , Jürgen Kurths , Serhiy Yanchuk

Sudden and abrupt changes can occur in a nonlinear system within many fields of science when such a system crosses a tipping point and rapid changes of the system occur in response to slow changes in an external forcing. These can occur…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Paul D. L. Ritchie , Robbin Bastiaansen , Anna S. von der Heydt , Peter Ashwin

A number of biological systems can be modeled by Markov chains. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about when biological systems modeled by Markov chains will perform a dynamic phenomenon called overshoot. In this article, we…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-08-27 Chen Jia , Minping Qian , Daquan Jiang

Tipping elements in the climate system are large-scale subregions of the Earth that might possess threshold behavior under global warming with large potential impacts on human societies. Here, we study a subset of five tipping elements and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Nico Wunderling , Maximilian Gelbrecht , Ricarda Winkelmann , Jürgen Kurths , Jonathan Donges

Tipping points are one of the hot topics in modern physics of complex systems. But what is a tipping point? A generic definition declares it as ``a state of the system where a small change in its parameters can lead to a significant change…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-25 Alan Hastings , Sergei Petrovskii , Valerio Lucarini , Andrew Morozov

In ecology, climate and other fields, (sub)systems have been identified that can transition into a qualitatively different state when a critical threshold or tipping point in a driving process is crossed. An understanding of those tipping…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-09-16 Ann Kristin Klose , Volker Karle , Ricarda Winkelmann , Jonathan F. Donges

Climate tipping points are critical thresholds in Earth's climate system where a small change can cause abrupt and potentially irreversible shifts towards a new state. Tipping points in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Jasmine Noory

Model studies indicate that many climate subsystems, especially ecosystems, may be vulnerable to 'tipping': a 'catastrophic process' in which a system, driven by gradually changing external factors, abruptly transitions (or 'collapses')…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Dock Staal , Arjen Doelman

We discuss the nonlinear phenomena of irreversible tipping for non-autonomous systems where time-varying inputs correspond to a smooth "parameter shift" from one asymptotic value to another. We express tipping in terms of pullback…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Peter Ashwin , Clare Perryman , Sebastian Wieczorek

Tipping points occur in diverse systems in various disciplines such as ecology, climate science, economy or engineering. Tipping points are critical thresholds in system parameters or state variables at which a tiny perturbation can lead to…

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