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Recent works integrating Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have shown promising improvements in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on closed-ended tasks, leaving a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Zifeng Ding , Bryan Hooi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have inherent limitations of faithfulness and factuality, commonly referred to as hallucinations. Several benchmarks have been developed that provide a test bed for factuality evaluation within the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ernests Lavrinovics , Russa Biswas , Katja Hose , Johannes Bjerva

Methods to evaluate Large Language Model (LLM) responses and detect inconsistencies, also known as hallucinations, with respect to the provided knowledge, are becoming increasingly important for LLM applications. Current metrics fall short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Hannah Sansford , Nicholas Richardson , Hermina Petric Maretic , Juba Nait Saada

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) based applications including automated text generation, question answering, chatbots, and others. However, they face a significant challenge: hallucinations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ernests Lavrinovics , Russa Biswas , Johannes Bjerva , Katja Hose

Incorporating factual knowledge in knowledge graph is regarded as a promising approach for mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods usually only use the user's input to query the knowledge graph, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xinyan Guan , Yanjiang Liu , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Advancements in natural language processing have revolutionized the way we can interact with digital information systems, such as databases, making them more accessible. However, challenges persist, especially when accuracy is critical, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Larissa Pusch , Tim O. F. Conrad

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the mental health domain, yet it remains unclear how well they capture related biomedical knowledge and how reliably they apply it to clinically salient structured judgments. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Weixin Liu , Congning Ni , Shelagh A. Mulvaney , Susannah L. Rose , Murat Kantarcioglu , Bradley A. Malin , Zhijun Yin

Faithfulness hallucinations are claims generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) not supported by contexts provided to the LLM. Lacking assessment standards, existing benchmarks focus on "factual statements" that rephrase source materials…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Keyu Hu , Du Nan , Xiaolong Li , Xi Zhang , Weigao Sun , Sihong Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, although their susceptibility to hallucination poses significant challenges for their deployment in critical areas such as healthcare. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mengjia Niu , Hao Li , Jie Shi , Hamed Haddadi , Fan Mo

Large language models (LLMs) possess extensive world knowledge, including geospatial knowledge, which has been successfully applied to various geospatial tasks such as mobility prediction and social indicator prediction. However, LLMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shengyuan Wang , Jie Feng , Tianhui Liu , Dan Pei , Yong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) might hallucinate facts, while curated Knowledge Graph (KGs) are typically factually reliable especially with domain-specific knowledge. Measuring the alignment between KGs and LLMs can effectively probe the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Shangshang Zheng , He Bai , Yizhe Zhang , Yi Su , Xiaochuan Niu , Navdeep Jaitly

Large language models (LLMs) often generate responses that deviate from user input or training data, a phenomenon known as "hallucination." These hallucinations undermine user trust and hinder the adoption of generative AI systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yejin Bang , Ziwei Ji , Alan Schelten , Anthony Hartshorn , Tara Fowler , Cheng Zhang , Nicola Cancedda , Pascale Fung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown unprecedented performance in various real-world applications. However, they are known to generate factually inaccurate outputs, a.k.a. the hallucination problem. In recent years, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Haochen Liu , Song Wang , Yaochen Zhu , Yushun Dong , Jundong Li

Knowledge graphs have emerged as a popular method for injecting up-to-date, factual knowledge into large language models (LLMs). This is typically achieved by converting the knowledge graph into text that the LLM can process in context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Elan Markowitz , Krupa Galiya , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, they often suffer from limitations such as difficulty in incorporating new knowledge, generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yilin Wen , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun

Despite their impressive ability to generate high-quality and fluent text, generative large language models (LLMs) also produce hallucinations: statements that are misaligned with established world knowledge or provided input context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Abhilasha Ravichander , Shrusti Ghela , David Wadden , Yejin Choi

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to being misled by false premise questions (FPQs), leading to errors in factual knowledge, know as factuality hallucination. Existing benchmarks that assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yanxu Zhu , Jinlin Xiao , Yuhang Wang , Jitao Sang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented performances in various applications, yet evaluating them is still challenging. Existing benchmarks are either manually constructed or are automatic, but lack the ability to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jio Oh , Soyeon Kim , Junseok Seo , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Xing Xie , Steven Euijong Whang

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Junyi Li , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

While many capabilities of language models (LMs) improve with increased training budget, the influence of scale on hallucinations is not yet fully understood. Hallucinations come in many forms, and there is no universally accepted…

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