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Swift response to the detection of endangered minors is an ongoing concern for law enforcement. Many child-focused investigations hinge on digital evidence discovery and analysis. Automated age estimation techniques are needed to aid in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Felix Anda , Brett A. Becker , David Lillis , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Mark Scanlon

Generative AI now produces photorealistic portraits that circulate widely in social and newslike contexts. Human ability to distinguish real from synthetic faces is time-sensitive because image generators continue to improve while public…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Sunwhi Kim , Sunyul Kim

Face aging, which aims at aesthetically rendering a given face to predict its future appearance, has received significant research attention in recent years. Although great progress has been achieved with the success of Generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Yunfan Liu , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun , Tieniu Tan

In this paper, we address the problem of apparent age estimation. Different from estimating the real age of individuals, in which each face image has a single age label, in this problem, face images have multiple age labels, corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Refik Can Malli , Mehmet Aygun , Hazim Kemal Ekenel

A person's facial hairstyle, such as presence and size of beard, can significantly impact face recognition accuracy. There are publicly-available deep networks that achieve reasonable accuracy at binary attribute classification, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Kagan Ozturk , Grace Bezold , Aman Bhatta , Haiyu Wu , Kevin Bowyer

Face recognition for infants and toddlers presents unique challenges due to rapid facial morphology changes, high inter-class similarity, and limited dataset availability. This study evaluates the performance of four deep learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Afzal Hossain , Mst Rumana Sumi , Stephanie Schuckers

Face morphing attacks have raised critical concerns as they demonstrate a new vulnerability of Face Recognition Systems (FRS), which are widely deployed in border control applications. The face morphing process uses the images from multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Sushma Venkatesh , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Christoph Busch

Despite significant advances in facial recognition systems, they remain vulnerable to face presentation attacks. Among them, disguise makeup attacks are particularly challenging, as they use advanced cosmetics, prosthetic components, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Fateme Taraghi , Atefe Aghaei , Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam

Through a large-scale study over diverse face images, we show that facial attribute editing using modern generative AI models can severely degrade automated face recognition systems. This degradation persists even with identity-preserving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Sudipta Banerjee , Sai Pranaswi Mullangi , Shruti Wagle , Chinmay Hegde , Nasir Memon

Facial aging is a complex process, highly dependent on multiple factors like gender, ethnicity, lifestyle, etc., making it extremely challenging to learn a global aging prior to predict aging for any individual accurately. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Luchao Qi , Jiaye Wu , Bang Gong , Annie N. Wang , David W. Jacobs , Roni Sengupta

Accurate age verification can protect underage users from unauthorized access to online platforms and e-commerce sites that provide age-restricted services. However, accurate age estimation can be confounded by several factors, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ekta Gavas , Sudipta Banerjee , Chinmay Hegde , Nasir Memon

Impact due to demographic factors such as age, sex, race, etc., has been studied extensively in automated face recognition systems. However, the impact of \textit{digitally modified} demographic and facial attributes on face recognition is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Sudipta Banerjee , Aditi Aggarwal , Arun Ross

This paper examines algorithmic lookism-the systematic preferential treatment based on physical appearance-in text-to-image (T2I) generative AI and a downstream gender classification task. Through the analysis of 26,400 synthetic faces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Miriam Doh , Aditya Gulati , Corinna Canali , Nuria Oliver

This study investigates how high school-aged youth engage in algorithm auditing to identify and understand biases in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools they encounter daily. With AI/ML technologies being increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Luis Morales-Navarro , Michelle Gan , Evelyn Yu , Lauren Vogelstein , Yasmin B. Kafai , Danaé Metaxa

Predicting if a person is an adult or a minor has several applications such as inspecting underage driving, preventing purchase of alcohol and tobacco by minors, and granting restricted access. The challenging nature of this problem arises…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Maneet Singh , Shruti Nagpal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

In the near future a governmental body will be asked to allow companies to use AI for age verification. If they allow it the resulting system will both be easily circumvented and disproportionately misclassify minorities and low…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Reid McIlroy-Young

Age progression and regression aim to synthesize photorealistic appearance of a given face image with aging and rejuvenation effects, respectively. Existing generative adversarial networks (GANs) based methods suffer from the following…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Zhizhong Huang , Shouzhen Chen , Junping Zhang , Hongming Shan

The use of biometrics to authenticate users and control access to secure areas has become extremely popular in recent years, and biometric access control systems are frequently used by both governments and private corporations. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Justin Spencer , Deborah Lawrence , Prosenjit Chatterjee , Kaushik Roy , Albert Esterline , Jung-Hee Kim

Automatic age estimation from facial images represents an important task in computer vision. This paper analyses the effect of gender, age, ethnic, makeup and expression attributes of faces as sources of bias to improve deep apparent age…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Julio C. S. Jacques Junior , Cagri Ozcinar , Marina Marjanovic , Xavier Baró , Gholamreza Anbarjafari , Sergio Escalera

Age estimation technology is a part of facial recognition and has been applied to identity authentication. This technology achieves the development and application of a juvenile anti-addiction system by authenticating users in the game.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Miaomiao Yang , Changwei Yao , Shijin Yan
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