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The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the ability to generalize across a wide range of unseen natural language processing (NLP) tasks through instruction-following. Yet, their effectiveness often diminishes in…

Recent advances in large reasoning models (LRMs) show strong performance in structured domains such as mathematics and programming; however, they often lack pedagogical coherence and realistic teaching behaviors. To bridge this gap, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Unggi Lee , Jaeyong Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Yeil Jeong , Junbo Koh , Gyeonggeon Lee , Gunho Lee , Taekyung Ahn , Hyeoncheol Kim

Existing benchmarks for legal AI focus primarily on tasks where LLMs must produce legal arguments or documents, yet the capacity to \emph{judge} such arguments -- weighing competing claims, applying doctrine to facts, and rendering reasoned…

To advance the evaluation of multimodal math reasoning in large multimodal models (LMMs), this paper introduces a novel benchmark, MM-MATH. MM-MATH consists of 5,929 open-ended middle school math problems with visual contexts, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Kai Sun , Yushi Bai , Ji Qi , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Most of the existing Large Language Model (LLM) benchmarks on scientific problem reasoning focus on problems grounded in high-school subjects and are confined to elementary algebraic operations. To systematically examine the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Xiaoxuan Wang , Ziniu Hu , Pan Lu , Yanqiao Zhu , Jieyu Zhang , Satyen Subramaniam , Arjun R. Loomba , Shichang Zhang , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

LLMs have achieved strong results on both function-level code synthesis and repository-level code modification, yet a capability that falls between these two extremes -- compositional code creation, i.e., building a complete, internally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yeheng Chen , Chaoxiang Xie , Yuling Shi , Wenhao Zeng , Yongpan Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Xiaodong Gu

We present a robust ensemble-based system for multilingual multimodal reasoning, designed for the ImageCLEF 2025 EXAMS V challenge. Our approach integrates Gemini 2.5 Flash for visual description, Gemini 1.5 Pro for caption refinement and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Seif Ahmed , Mohamed T. Younes , Abdelrahman Moustafa , Abdelrahman Allam , Hamza Moustafa

With reasoning language models such as OpenAI-o3 and DeepSeek-R1 emerging, large language models (LLMs) have entered a new phase of development. However, existing benchmarks for coding evaluation are gradually inadequate to assess the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Lei Yang , Renren Jin , Ling Shi , Jianxiang Peng , Yue Chen , Deyi Xiong

Scientific discoveries increasingly rely on complex multimodal reasoning based on information-intensive scientific data and domain-specific expertise. Empowered by expert-level scientific benchmarks, scientific Multimodal Large Language…

The rapid expansion of context length in large language models (LLMs) has outpaced existing evaluation benchmarks. Current long-context benchmarks often trade off scalability and realism: synthetic tasks underrepresent real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ziyang Chen , Xing Wu , Junlong Jia , Chaochen Gao , Qi Fu , Debing Zhang , Songlin Hu

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

We introduce ReXTime, a benchmark designed to rigorously test AI models' ability to perform temporal reasoning within video events. Specifically, ReXTime focuses on reasoning across time, i.e. human-like understanding when the question and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jr-Jen Chen , Yu-Chien Liao , Hsi-Che Lin , Yu-Chu Yu , Yen-Chun Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

Advances in training, post-training, and inference-time methods have enabled frontier reasoning models to win gold medals in math competitions and settle challenging open problems. Gaining trust in the responses of these models requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Aaditya Naik , Guruprerana Shabadi , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

Language Models (LMs) struggle with complex, interdependent instructions, particularly in high-stakes domains like finance where precision is critical. We introduce FIFE, a novel, high-difficulty benchmark designed to assess LM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Glenn Matlin , Siddharth , Anirudh JM , Aditya Shukla , Yahya Hassan , Sudheer Chava

Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks, where each intermediate step plays an important role in the reasoning process. Since language models are prone to various types of errors during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingyang Song , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Jiawei Zhou , Yu Cheng

Rigorous and reproducible evaluation is critical for assessing the state of the art and for guiding scientific advances in Artificial Intelligence. Evaluation is challenging in practice due to several reasons, including benchmark…

We introduce MARKET-BENCH, a benchmark that evaluates large language models (LLMs) on introductory quantitative trading tasks by asking them to construct executable backtesters from natural language strategy descriptions and market…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Abhay Srivastava , Sam Jung , Spencer Mateega

Finite element (FE) analysis guides the design and verification of nearly all manufactured objects. It is at the core of computational engineering, enabling simulation of complex physical systems, from fluids and solids to multiphysics…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rushikesh Deotale , Adithya Srinivasan , Yuan Tian , Tianyi Zhang , Pavlos Vlachos , Hector Gomez

Understanding and controlling the behavior of large language models (LLMs) is an increasingly important topic in multilingual NLP. Beyond prompting or fine-tuning, , i.e.,~manipulating internal representations during inference, has emerged…