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Comprehending text-rich visual content is paramount for the practical application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), since text-rich scenarios are ubiquitous in the real world, which are characterized by the presence of extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yi Chen , Yixiao Ge , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently shown promising progress in geospatial reasoning. However, existing remote sensing benchmarks remain largely 2D-centric, evaluating models primarily on optical appearance. In natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jing Huang , Duanchu Wang , Junjie Yang , Zihang Cheng , Cheng Li , Lin Cui , Zhouyi Wu , Di Wang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

We introduce HallusionBench, a comprehensive benchmark designed for the evaluation of image-context reasoning. This benchmark presents significant challenges to advanced large visual-language models (LVLMs), such as GPT-4V(Vision), Gemini…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Tianrui Guan , Fuxiao Liu , Xiyang Wu , Ruiqi Xian , Zongxia Li , Xiaoyu Liu , Xijun Wang , Lichang Chen , Furong Huang , Yaser Yacoob , Dinesh Manocha , Tianyi Zhou

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a popular multimodal task that aims to accurately detect target objects within a single image based on a given textual expression. However, due to the limitations of earlier models, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Guanghao Jin , Jingpei Wu , Tianpei Guo , Yiyi Niu , Weidong Zhou , Guoyang Liu

Compared to single-turn dialogue, multi-turn dialogue involving multiple images better aligns with the needs of real-world human-AI interactions. Additionally, as training data, it provides richer contextual reasoning information, thereby…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dawei Yan , Yang Li , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Peng Wang , Haokui Zhang , Chunhua Shen

Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Katarina Trojachanec Dineva , Stefan Andonov , Ilinka Ivanoska , Ivan Kitanovski , Sasho Gramatikov , Tamara Kostova , Monika Simjanoska Misheva , Kostadin Mishev

Sycophancy, an excessive tendency of AI models to agree with user input at the expense of factual accuracy or in contradiction of visual evidence, poses a critical and underexplored challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 A. B. M. Ashikur Rahman , Saeed Anwar , Muhammad Usman , Irfan Ahmad , Ajmal Mian

A well-executed graphic design typically achieves harmony in two levels, from the fine-grained design elements (color, font and layout) to the overall design. This complexity makes the comprehension of graphic design challenging, for it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jieru Lin , Danqing Huang , Tiejun Zhao , Dechen Zhan , Chin-Yew Lin

In real-world multimodal applications, systems usually need to comprehend arbitrarily combined and interleaved multimodal inputs from users, while also generating outputs in any interleaved multimedia form. This capability defines the goal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yanlin Li , Minghui Guo , Kaiwen Zhang , Shize Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Haodong Li , Congyue Zhou , Weijie Zheng , Yushen Yan , Shengqiong Wu , Wei Ji , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive progress in single-image grounding and general multi-image understanding. Recently, some methods begin to address multi-image grounding. However, they are constrained by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shurong Zheng , Yousong Zhu , Hongyin Zhao , Fan Yang , Yufei Zhan , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Despite significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), current models still face substantial challenges in handling complex, multi-turn, and visually-grounded tasks that demand deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Seungmin Han , Haeun Kwon , Ji-jun Park , Taeyang Yoon

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image understanding tasks, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by significant architectural heterogeneity across model families. This paper introduces UVLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Joan Perez , Giovanni Fusco

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Interleaved image-text generation has emerged as a crucial multimodal task, aiming at creating sequences of interleaved visual and textual content given a query. Despite notable advancements in recent multimodal large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Wei Chen , Lin Li , Yongqi Yang , Bin Wen , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Yu Wu , Long Chen

Recent progress in the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has empowered them to address more complex tasks such as scientific analysis and mathematical reasoning. Despite their promise, MLLMs' reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiachun Li , Shaoping Huang , Zhuoran Jin , Chenlong Zhang , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Image degradation from blur, noise, compression, and poor illumination severely undermines multimodal understanding in real-world settings. Unified multimodal models that combine understanding and generation within a single architecture are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiangzhao Hao , Zefeng Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Linhao Yu , Yao Chen , Yiqian Zhang , Haiyun Guo , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui