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The history of science and technology shows that seemingly innocuous developments in scientific theories and research have enabled real-world applications with significant negative consequences for humanity. In order to ensure that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Abhishek Gupta , Camylle Lanteigne , Victoria Heath

The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has accelerated rapidly. AI enabled technologies are facing the public in many ways including infrastructure, consumer products and home applications. Because many of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Joanna F. DeFranco , Luke Biersmith

AI systems are increasingly used in high-stakes domains such as credit rating, where fairness concerns are critical. Existing fairness assessments are typically conducted by AI experts or regulators using predefined protected attributes and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lin Luo , Satwik Ghanta , Yuri Nakao , Mathieu Chollet , Simone Stumpf

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) is reshaping content creation on digital platforms by reducing production costs and enabling scalable output of varying quality. In response, platforms have begun adopting disclosure policies that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Juan Wu , Zhe , Zhang , Amit Mehra

When AI systems are granted the agency to take impactful actions in the real world, there is an inherent risk that these systems behave in ways that are harmful. Typically, humans specify constraints on the AI system to prevent harmful…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Travis Mandel , Jahnu Best , Randall H. Tanaka , Hiram Temple , Chansen Haili , Kayla Schlectinger , Roy Szeto

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) systems represent a critical technology with far-reaching implications across multiple domains of society. However, their deployment entails a range of risks and challenges that require careful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jorge Machado

Responsible design of AI systems is a shared goal across HCI and AI communities. Responsible AI (RAI) tools have been developed to support practitioners to identify, assess, and mitigate ethical issues during AI development. These tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Glen Berman , Nitesh Goyal , Michael Madaio

Recent research suggests that it may be possible to build conscious AI systems now or in the near future. Conscious AI systems would arguably deserve moral consideration, and it may be the case that large numbers of conscious systems could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Patrick Butlin , Theodoros Lappas

As public sector agencies rapidly introduce new AI tools in high-stakes domains like social services, it becomes critical to understand how decisions to adopt these tools are made in practice. We borrow from the anthropological practice to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Anna Kawakami , Amanda Coston , Hoda Heidari , Kenneth Holstein , Haiyi Zhu

Appropriately regulating artificial intelligence is an increasingly urgent and widespread policy challenge. We identify two primary, competing problem. First is a technical deficit: Legislatures and regulatory face significant challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Gillian K. Hadfield , Jack Clark

Recent decisions by leading AI labs to either open-source their models or to restrict access to their models has sparked debate about whether, and how, increasingly capable AI models should be shared. Open-sourcing in AI typically refers to…

With increasing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, individual countries and the international community are working hard to create an innovation-friendly, yet safe, regulatory environment. Adequate regulation is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Judy Goldsmith

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies raises concerns about the accountability of sociotechnical systems. Current generative AI systems rely on complex mechanisms that make it difficult for even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yuri Nakao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central in academia and industry, raising concerns about privacy, transparency, and misuse. A key issue is the trustworthiness of proprietary models, with open-sourcing often proposed as a solution.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Domen Vake , Bogdan Šinik , Jernej Vičič , Aleksandar Tošić

Artificial intelligence (AI) model creators commonly attach restrictive terms of use to both their models and their outputs. These terms typically prohibit activities ranging from creating competing AI models to spreading disinformation.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Peter Henderson , Mark A. Lemley

The potential for negative impacts of AI has rapidly become more pervasive around the world, and this has intensified a need for responsible AI governance. While many regulatory bodies endorse risk-based approaches and a multitude of risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Julia Barnett , Kimon Kieslich , Natali Helberger , Nicholas Diakopoulos

Over the past year, there has been a robust debate about the benefits and risks of open sourcing foundation models. However, this discussion has often taken place at a high level of generality or with a narrow focus on specific technical…

Generative AI tools are used to create art-like outputs and sometimes aid in the creative process. These tools have potential benefits for artists, but they also have the potential to harm the art workforce and infringe upon artistic and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Juniper Lovato , Julia Zimmerman , Isabelle Smith , Peter Dodds , Jennifer Karson

Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large language models, and generative AI, an emerging body of work is shedding light on the myriad impacts these technologies are having across…

Policy Cards are introduced as a machine-readable, deployment-layer standard for expressing operational, regulatory, and ethical constraints for AI agents. The Policy Card sits with the agent and enables it to follow required constraints at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Juraj Mavračić