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In isotropic fluids like water, micrometer-scale swimmers have evolved swim strokes to translate despite their tiny size. As described by Purcell in his Scallop Theorem, reciprocal motions, like those performed by a scallop, cannot drive…

Various microswimmers move along circles rather than straight lines due to their swimming mechanisms, body shapes or hydrodynamic effects. Here, we adopt the concepts of stochastic thermodynamics to analyze circle swimmers confined in a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-12-22 Zhiyu Cao , Huijun Jiang , Zhonghuai Hou

The properties of biological microswimmers are to a large extent determined by fluid-mediated interactions, which govern their propulsion, perception of their surrounding, and the steering of their motion for feeding or in pursuit.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-04 Segun Goh , Roland G. Winkler , Gerhard Gompper

Small objects can swim by generating around them fields or gradients which in turn induce fluid motion past their surface by phoretic surface effects. We quantify for arbitrary swimmer shapes and surface patterns, how efficient swimming…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 R. Golestanian , T. B. Liverpool , A. Ajdari

Micron-sized self-propelled (active) particles can be considered as model systems for characterizing more complex biological organisms like swimming bacteria or motile cells. We produce asymmetric microswimmers by soft lithography and study…

We investigate the behavior of a treadmilling microswimmer in a two-dimensional unbounded domain with a semi-infinite no-slip wall. The wall can also be regarded as a probe or pipette inserted into the flow. We solve the governing evolution…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-08-21 Kiori Obuse , Jean-Luc Thiffeault

This work aims at finding optimal navigation policies for thin, deformable microswimmers that progress in a viscous fluid by propagating a sinusoidal undulation along their slender body. These active filaments are embedded in a prescribed,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-13 Zakarya El Khiyati , Raphael Chesneaux , Laetitia Giraldi , Jeremie Bec

The swimming of a deformable planar slab in a viscous incompressible fluid is studied on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. A continuum of plane wave displacements, symmetric on both sides of the slab and characterized by a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-11-08 B. U. Felderhof

Contrasting the well explored problem on how to steer a macroscopic agent like an airplane or a moon lander to optimally reach a target, "optimal microswimming", i.e. the quest for the optimal navigation strategy for microswimmers, remains…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-10 Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider , Hartmut Löwen , Benno Liebchen

We explore hydrodynamic interactions between microswimmers and corrugated, or rough, surfaces, as found often in biological systems and microfluidic devices. Using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem for viscous flows we derive exact expressions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-08-10 Christina Kurzthaler , Howard A. Stone

Many microorganisms swim in fluids with complex rheological properties. Although much is now understood about motion of these swimmers in Newtonian fluids, the understanding is still developing in non-Newtonian fluids --- this understanding…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-03-22 Charu Datt , Gwynn J. Elfring

Three-dimensional simulations with fully resolved hydrodynamics are performed to study the dynamics of a single squirmer under gravity, in order to clarify its motion in the vicinity of a flat plate. Different dynamics emerge for different…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-27 Federico Fadda , John Jairo Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto

We study different types of microswimmers moving in channels with varying cross section and thereby interacting hydrodynamically with the channel walls. Starting from the Smoluchowski equation for a dilute suspension, for which interactions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-24 Paolo Malgaretti , Holger Stark

A system of ferromagnetic particles trapped at a liquid-liquid interface and subjected to a set of magnetic fields (magnetocapillary swimmers) is studied numerically using a hybrid method combining the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann…

We study the two-dimensional motion of a self-propelling asymmetric bent rod. By employing slender body theory and the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we determine particle trajectories for different geometric configurations and arbitrary…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-21 Arkava Ganguly , Ankur Gupta

The current study presents a systematic investigation of the locomotion performance of a swimmer with a wide range of parameter settings. Two-dimensional simulations with the immersed boundary method are employed for the fluid-structure…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-21 Wenkang Wang , Xu Chu

Microorganisms are rarely found in Nature swimming freely in an unbounded fluid. Instead, they typically encounter other organisms, hard walls, or deformable boundaries such as free interfaces or membranes. Hydrodynamic interactions between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-10-21 Marcelo A. Dias , Thomas R. Powers

In this paper, we explore the hydrodynamics of spheroidal active particles in viscosity gradients. This work provides a more accurate modeling approach, in comparison to spherical particles, for anisotropic organisms like Paramecium…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-09 Jiahao Gong , Vaseem A. Shaik , Gwynn J. Elfring

Micron-scale swimmers move in the realm of negligible inertia, dominated by viscous drag forces. In this paper, we formulate the leading-order dynamics of a slender multi-link (N-link) microswimmer assuming small-amplitude undulations about…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-05-22 François Alouges , Antonio DeSimone , Laetitia Giraldi , Yizhar Or , Oren Wiezel

We have analyzed the dynamics of a spherical, uni-axial squirmer which is located inside a spherical liquid drop at general position $\bm{r}_s$. The squirmer is subject to an external force and torque in addition to the slip velocity on its…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-11-10 Reiner Kree , Annette Zippelius