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We propose a new approach to study the evolution of a quantum state that is encoded in a system which is continuously subject to the operations required to implement a quantum error correcting code. In the limit of continuous error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan Pablo Paz , Wojciech Hubert Zurek

The codespace of a quantum error-correcting code can often be identified with the degenerate ground-space within a gapped phase of quantum matter. We argue that the stability of such a phase is directly related to a set of coherent error…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-02-26 Ali Lavasani , Sagar Vijay

We examine two proposals for marginally self-correcting quantum memory, the cubic code by Haah and the welded code by Michnicki. In particular, we prove explicitly that they are absent of topological order above zero temperature, as their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Karthik Siva , Beni Yoshida

Self-correcting quantum memories store logical quantum information for exponential time in thermal equilibrium at low temperatures. By definition, these systems are slow mixing. This raises the question of how the memory state, which we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Thiago Bergamaschi , Reza Gheissari , Yunchao Liu

The discovery of topological order has revolutionized the understanding of quantum matter in modern physics and provided the theoretical foundation for many quantum error correcting codes. Realizing topologically ordered states has proven…

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

A self-correcting quantum memory is a type of quantum error correcting code that can correct errors passively through cooling. A major open question in the field is whether self-correcting quantum memories can exist in 3D. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Ting-Chun Lin , Hsin-Po Wang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We construct a local decoder for the 2D toric code using ideas from the hierarchical classical cellular automata of Tsirelson and G\'acs. Our decoder is a circuit of strictly local quantum operations preserving a logical state for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Shankar Balasubramanian , Margarita Davydova , Ethan Lake

We propose an autonomous quantum error correction scheme using squeezed cat (SC) code against the dominant error source, excitation loss, in continuous-variable systems. Through reservoir engineering, we show that a structured dissipation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Qian Xu , Guo Zheng , Yu-Xin Wang , Peter Zoller , Aashish A. Clerk , Liang Jiang

We calculate the fidelity with which an arbitrary state can be encoded into a [7,1,3] CSS quantum error correction code in a non-equiprobable Pauli operator error environment with the goal of determining whether this encoding can be used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 Sidney D. Buchbinder , Channing L. Huang , Yaakov S. Weinstein

To use quantum systems for technological applications we first need to preserve their coherence for macroscopic timescales, even at finite temperature. Quantum error correction has made it possible to actively correct errors that affect a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-24 Benjamin J. Brown , Daniel Loss , Jiannis K. Pachos , Chris N. Self , James R. Wootton

We investigate layer codes, a family of three-dimensional stabilizer codes that can achieve optimal scaling of code parameters and a polynomial energy barrier, as candidates for self-correcting quantum memories. First, we introduce two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Shouzhen Gu , Libor Caha , Shin Ho Choe , Zhiyang He , Aleksander Kubica , Eugene Tang

Quantum-enhanced measurements hold the promise to improve high-precision sensing ranging from the definition of time standards to the determination of fundamental constants of nature. However, quantum sensors lose their sensitivity in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-11 F. Reiter , A. S. Sørensen , P. Zoller , C. A. Muschik

The design of time-independent local Hamiltonians that realise quantum algorithms is derived from the study of perfect state transfer. The novel features of this evolution are the perfect realisation of the computation, and the ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 Alastair Kay

We propose and study a model of a quantum memory that features self-correcting properties and a lifetime growing arbitrarily with system size at non-zero temperature. This is achieved by locally coupling a 2D L x L toric code to a 3D bath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Fabio L. Pedrocchi , Adrian Hutter , James R. Wootton , Daniel Loss

We refine an old idea for performing fault-tolerant error correction in topological codes by simulating confining interactions between excitations. We implement confinement using an array of local classical processors that measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Ethan Lake

The existence of self-correcting quantum memories in three dimensions is a long-standing open question at the interface between quantum computing and many-body physics. We take the perspective that large contributions to the entropy arising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Brenden Roberts , Jin Ming Koh , Yi Tan , Norman Y. Yao

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation are two fundamental concepts which make quantum computing feasible. While providing a theoretical means with which to ensure the arbitrary accuracy of any quantum circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Stephens , S. J. Devitt , A. G. Fowler , J. C. Ang , L. C. L. Hollenberg

We derive an effective equation of motion within the steady-state subspace of a large family of Markovian open systems (i.e., Lindbladians) due to perturbations of their Hamiltonians and system-bath couplings. Under mild and realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-21 Victor V. Albert , Kyungjoo Noh , Florentin Reiter

A local Hamiltonian with Topological Quantum Order (TQO) has a robust ground state degeneracy that makes it an excellent quantum memory candidate. This memory can be corrupted however if part of the state leaves the protected ground state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-14 Luuk Coopmans , Shane Dooley , Ian Jubb , Kevin Kavanagh , Graham Kells