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With machine learning models being increasingly used to aid decision making even in high-stakes domains, there has been a growing interest in developing interpretable models. Although many supposedly interpretable models have been proposed,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Daniel G. Goldstein , Jake M. Hofman , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , Hanna Wallach

In designing generative models, it is commonly believed that in order to learn useful latent structure, we face a fundamental tension between expressivity and structure. In this paper we challenge this view by proposing a new approach to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Alex Markham , Isaac Hirsch , Jeri A. Chang , Liam Solus , Bryon Aragam

Deep learning based methods hold state-of-the-art results in image denoising, but remain difficult to interpret due to their construction from poorly understood building blocks such as batch-normalization, residual learning, and feature…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Nikola Janjušević , Amirhossein Khalilian-Gourtani , Yao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

Massive language models are the core of modern NLP modeling and have been shown to encode impressive amounts of commonsense and factual information. However, that knowledge exists only within the latent parameters of the model, inaccessible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Pat Verga , Haitian Sun , Livio Baldini Soares , William W. Cohen

As large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive datasets, they have raised significant privacy and ethical concerns due to their potential to inadvertently retain sensitive information. Unlearning seeks to selectively remove specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Philipp Spohn , Leander Girrbach , Jessica Bader , Zeynep Akata

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior without access to an explicit reward signal. Expert demonstrations provided by humans, however, often show significant variability due to latent factors that are typically not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Yunzhu Li , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Advanced machine learning models have recently achieved high predictive accuracy for weather and climate prediction. However, these complex models often lack inherent transparency and interpretability, acting as "black boxes" that impede…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Ruyi Yang , Jingyu Hu , Zihao Li , Jianli Mu , Tingzhao Yu , Jiangjiang Xia , Xuhong Li , Aritra Dasgupta , Haoyi Xiong

Machine learning and data systems increasingly function as infrastructures of memory: they ingest, store, and operationalize traces of personal, political, and cultural life. Yet contemporary governance demands credible forms of forgetting,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Viktoriia Makovska , George Fletcher , Julia Stoyanovich , Tetiana Zakharchenko

Despite the growing body of work in interpretable machine learning, it remains unclear how to evaluate different explainability methods without resorting to qualitative assessment and user-studies. While interpretability is an inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

Understanding the predictions made by deep learning models remains a central challenge, especially in high-stakes applications. A promising approach is to equip models with the ability to answer counterfactual questions -- hypothetical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Inwoo Hwang , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

Post-hoc unlearning has emerged as a practical mechanism for removing undesirable concepts from large text-to-image diffusion models. However, prior work primarily evaluates unlearning through erasure success; its impact on broader…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Arian Komaei Koma , Seyed Amir Kasaei , Ali Aghayari , AmirMahdi Sadeghzadeh , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Interpretation of deep learning models is a very challenging problem because of their large number of parameters, complex connections between nodes, and unintelligible feature representations. Despite this, many view interpretability as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Michael Tsang , James Enouen , Yan Liu

Sequence classification is the supervised learning task of building models that predict class labels of unseen sequences of symbols. Although accuracy is paramount, in certain scenarios interpretability is a must. Unfortunately, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Severin Gsponer , Luca Costabello , Chan Le Van , Sumit Pai , Christophe Gueret , Georgiana Ifrim , Freddy Lecue

As machine learning algorithms getting adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, interpretation has emerged as a crucial desideratum. In this paper, we propose a mathematical definition for the human-interpretable model. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Weishen Pan , Changshui Zhang

Advanced model dememorization methods, including availability poisoning (unlearnability) and machine unlearning, are emerging as key safeguards against data misuse in machine learning (ML). At the training stage, unlearnability embeds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mengying Zhang , Derui Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Xiaoyu Xia , Shuang Hao , Minhui Xue

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from pre-trained models without retraining from scratch, and is increasingly important for large language models (LLMs) due to safety, privacy, and legal concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ruihao Pan , Suhang Wang

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Machine learning methods can be a valuable aid in the scientific process, but they need to face challenging settings where data come from inhomogeneous experimental conditions. Recent meta-learning methods have made significant progress in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Matthieu Blanke , Marc Lelarge

Most recent work on interpretability of complex machine learning models has focused on estimating $\textit{a posteriori}$ explanations for previously trained models around specific predictions. $\textit{Self-explaining}$ models where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola