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Online hatred is a growing concern on many social media platforms. To address this issue, different social media platforms have introduced moderation policies for such content. They also employ moderators who can check the posts violating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Mithun Das , Somnath Banerjee , Punyajoy Saha

Online abusive content detection, particularly in low-resource settings and within the audio modality, remains underexplored. We investigate the potential of pre-trained audio representations for detecting abusive language in low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aditya Narayan Sankaran , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

One of the most alarming issues in digital society is hate speech (HS) on social media. The severity is so high that researchers across the globe are captivated by this domain. A notable amount of work has been conducted to address the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Md Abdullah Al Kafi , Sumit Kumar Banshal , Md Sadman Shakib , Showrov Azam , Tamanna Alam Tabashom

Social media memes are a challenging domain for hate detection because they intertwine visual and textual cues into culturally nuanced messages. To tackle these challenges, we introduce TRACE, a hierarchical multimodal framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Aditya Joshi , Diptesh Kanojia

The social media platform is a convenient medium to express personal thoughts and share useful information. It is fast, concise, and has the ability to reach millions. It is an effective place to archive thoughts, share artistic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ramchandra Joshi , Rushabh Karnavat , Kaustubh Jirapure , Raviraj Joshi

Detecting harmful memes is crucial for safeguarding the integrity and harmony of online environments, yet existing detection methods are often resource-intensive, inflexible, and lacking explainability, limiting their applicability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Fengjun Pan , Xiaobao Wu , Tho Quan , Anh Tuan Luu

Exploiting social media to spread hate has tremendously increased over the years. Lately, multi-modal hateful content such as memes has drawn relatively more traction than uni-modal content. Moreover, the availability of implicit content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Piush Aggarwal , Pranit Chawla , Mithun Das , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Torsten Zesch , Animesh Mukherjee

Racism is an alarming phenomenon in our country as well as all over the world. Every day we have come across some racist comments in our daily life and virtual life. Though we can eradicate this racism from virtual life (such as Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 S. S. Saruar , Nusrat , Sadia

This paper introduces the approach of "Gradient Masters" for BLP-2025 Task 1: "Bangla Multitask Hate Speech Identification Shared Task". We present an ensemble-based fine-tuning strategy for addressing subtasks 1A (hate-type classification)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Syed Mohaiminul Hoque , Naimur Rahman , Md Sakhawat Hossain

In our increasingly interconnected digital world, social media platforms have emerged as powerful channels for the dissemination of hate speech and offensive content. This work delves into the domain of hate speech detection, placing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

As the reach of the internet increases, pejorative terms started flooding over social media platforms. This leads to the necessity of identifying hostile content on social media platforms. Identification of hostile contents on low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Chander Shekhar , Bhavya Bagla , Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

Memes, which rapidly disseminate personal opinions and positions across the internet, also pose significant challenges in propagating social bias and prejudice. This study presents a novel approach to detecting harmful memes, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jingtao Cao , Zheng Zhang , Hongru Wang , Bin Liang , Hao Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

The proliferation of hate speech on social media is one of the serious issues that is bringing huge impacts to society: an escalation of violence, discrimination, and social fragmentation. The problem of detecting hate speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Anwar Hossain Zahid , Monoshi Kumar Roy , Swarna Das

The recent surge of complex attention-based deep learning architectures has led to extraordinary results in various downstream NLP tasks in the English language. However, such research for resource-constrained and morphologically rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Atharva Kulkarni , Amey Hengle , Rutuja Udyawar

Toxicity identification in online multimodal environments remains a challenging task due to the complexity of contextual connections across modalities (e.g., textual and visual). In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Rahul Garg , Trilok Padhi , Hemang Jain , Ugur Kursuncu , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

The use of derogatory terms in languages that employ code mixing, such as Roman Urdu, presents challenges for Natural Language Processing systems due to unstated grammar, inconsistent spelling, and a scarcity of labeled data. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Nisar Hussain , Amna Qasim , Gull Mehak , Muhammad Zain , Momina Hafeez , Grigori Sidorov

Traditional online content moderation systems struggle to classify modern multimodal means of communication, such as memes, a highly nuanced and information-dense medium. This task is especially hard in a culturally diverse society like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Cao Yuxuan , Wu Jiayang , Alistair Cheong Liang Chuen , Bryan Shan Guanrong , Theodore Lee Chong Jen , Sherman Chann Zhi Shen

This research introduces a novel approach to textual and multimodal Hate Speech Detection (HSD), using Large Language Models (LLMs) as dynamic knowledge bases to generate background context and incorporate it into the input of HSD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Joshua Wolfe Brook , Ilia Markov

Hateful memes have emerged as a particularly challenging form of online abuse, motivating the development of automated detection systems. Most prior approaches rely on direct detection, producing only binary predictions. Such models fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Mingsheng Sun , Jinghong Chen , Pengda Qin , Yuhong Li , Da Chen , Bill Byrne

This work proposes a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. It is constructed such that unimodal models struggle and only multimodal models can succeed: difficult examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Douwe Kiela , Hamed Firooz , Aravind Mohan , Vedanuj Goswami , Amanpreet Singh , Pratik Ringshia , Davide Testuggine