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Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is an essential yet challenging task since sign language is performed with the fast and complex movement of hand gestures, body posture, and even facial expressions. %Skeleton Aware Multi-modal Sign Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Maxim Novopoltsev , Leonid Verkhovtsev , Ruslan Murtazin , Dmitriy Milevich , Iuliia Zemtsova

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly advanced Image Super-Resolution (SR), yet most CNN-based methods rely solely on pixel-based transformations, often leading to artifacts and blurring, particularly under severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bingwen Hu , Heng Liu , Zhedong Zheng , Ping Liu

Learning Japanese vocabulary is a challenge for learners from Roman alphabet backgrounds due to script differences. Japanese combines syllabaries like hiragana with kanji, which are logographic characters of Chinese origin. Kanji are also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jaewook Lee , Alexander Scarlatos , Andrew Lan

Manchu, a critically endangered language essential for understanding early modern Eastern Eurasian history, lacks effective OCR systems that can handle real-world historical documents. This study develops high-performing OCR systems by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yan Hon Michael Chung , Donghyeok Choi

Optical character recognition (OCR) and multilingual text understanding remain major failure modes of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in real-world images containing cluttered layouts, small fonts, blur, occlusion,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qinwu Xu , Yifan Jiang , Haoyu Ren

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is one of the important fields in image processing and pattern recognition domain. Handwritten character recognition has always been a challenging task. Only a little work can be traced towards the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-01-03 H. R. Mamatha , S. Karthik , Murthy K. Srikanta

The rapid progress of generative AI has enabled remarkable creative capabilities, yet it also raises urgent concerns regarding the safety of AI-generated visual content in real-world applications such as content moderation, platform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Qiang Fu , Zonglei Jing , Zonghao Ying , Xiaoqian Li

Handwriting recognition (HWR) using inertial measurement unit (IMU) data remains challenging due to variations in writing styles and the limited availability of datasets. Previous approaches often struggle with handwriting from unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jindong Li , Tim Hamann , Jens Barth , Peter Kämpf , Dario Zanca , Björn Eskofier

A common approach for improving OCR quality is a post-processing step based on models correcting misdetected characters and tokens. These models are typically trained on aligned pairs of OCR read text and their manually corrected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Kai Hakala , Aleksi Vesanto , Niko Miekka , Tapio Salakoski , Filip Ginter

Multi-stroke characters in scripts such as Chinese and Japanese can be highly complex, posing significant challenges for both native speakers and, especially, non-native learners. If these characters can be simplified without degrading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ryo Ishiyama , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Seiichi Uchida

Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is often regarded as a character-based sequence labeling task in most current works which have achieved great success with the help of powerful neural networks. However, these works neglect an important clue:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Jingkang Wang , Jianing Zhou , Jie Zhou , Gongshen Liu

Text recognition in the wild is a long-standing problem in computer vision. Driven by end-to-end deep learning, recent studies suggest vision and language processing are effective for scene text recognition. Yet, solving edit errors such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Wenwen Yu , Mingyu Liu , Biao Yang , Enming Zhang , Deqiang Jiang , Xing Sun , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end trainable framework for restoring historical documents content that follows the correct reading order. In this framework, two branches named character branch and layout branch are added behind the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Weihong Ma , Hesuo Zhang , Lianwen Jin , Sihang Wu , Jiapeng Wang , Yongpan Wang

Traditionally, the performance of ocr algorithms and systems is based on the recognition of isolated characters. When a system classifies an individual character, its output is typically a character label or a reject marker that corresponds…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-09-08 B. S. Saritha , S. Hemanth

We propose a post-OCR text correction approach for digitising texts in Romanised Sanskrit. Owing to the lack of resources our approach uses OCR models trained for other languages written in Roman. Currently, there exists no dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Amrith Krishna , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Rajesh Shreedhar Bhat , Pawan Goyal

Despite rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), achieving reliable performance on highly professional and structured examinations remains a significant challenge. The Japanese bar examination is a particularly demanding benchmark,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Andrew Shin

A non-parametric low-resolution face recognition model for resource-constrained environments with limited networking and computing is proposed in this work. Such environments often demand a small model capable of being effectively trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Mozhdeh Rouhsedaghat , Yifan Wang , Shuowen Hu , Suya You , C. -C. Jay Kuo

The long-standing challenges for offline handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR) are twofold: Chinese characters can be very diverse and complicated while similarly looking, and cursive handwriting (due to increased writing speed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yao Xiao , Dan Meng , Cewu Lu , Chi-Keung Tang

Handwritten text recognition (HTR) for Arabic-script languages still lags behind Latin-script HTR, despite recent advances in model architectures, datasets, and benchmarks. We show that data quality is a significant limiting factor in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sana Al-azzawi , Elisa Barney , Marcus Liwicki

Synthesis planning seeks an efficient sequence of chemical reactions that produce a target molecule. Typically, a pretrained single-step (autoregressive) retrosynthesis model is repeatedly invoked to generate such a sequence. Classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Najwa Laabid , Vikas Garg