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We consider the recently introduced application of the Deck of Cards Method (DCM) to ordinal regression proposing two extensions related to two main research trends in Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, namely scaling and ordinal regression…
Ordinal measurements are common outcomes in studies within psychology, as well as in the social and behavioral sciences. Choosing an appropriate regression model for analysing such data poses a difficult task. This paper aims to facilitate…
A regression model is proposed for the analysis of an ordinal response variable depending on a set of multiple covariates containing ordinal and potentially other variables. The proportional odds model (McCullagh (1980)) is used for the…
How would research be like if we still needed to "send" papers typed with a typewriter? Our life and research environment have continually evolved, often accompanied by controversial opinions about new methodologies. In this paper, we…
Standard (network) meta-analysis methods for medical test accuracy evaluation analyse the data separately for each test threshold - wasting data - unless every study reports all thresholds. Previously proposed "multiple threshold" models…
Ordinal regression is a classification task where classes have an order and prediction error increases the further the predicted class is from the true class. The standard approach for modeling ordinal data involves fitting parallel…
The proportional odds cumulative logit model (POCLM) is a standard regression model for an ordinal response. Ordinality of predictors can be incorporated by monotonicity constraints for the corresponding parameters. It is shown that…
There is some disagreement on whether Likert scale data should be treated as ordinal or continuous. This paper treats Likert data as ordinal, uses non-parametric hypothesis testing, and clustering to validate those variables that have…
Ordinal data is omnipresent in almost all multiuser-generated feedback - questionnaires, preferences etc. This paper investigates modelling of ordinal data with Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). In particular, we present the…
Ordinal regression (OR, also called ordinal classification) is classification of ordinal data, in which the underlying target variable is categorical and considered to have a natural ordinal relation for the underlying explanatory variable.…
Negative controls are increasingly used to evaluate the presence of potential unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Beyond the use of negative controls to detect the presence of residual confounding, proximal causal inference…
Selective inference aims at providing valid inference after a data-driven selection of models or hypotheses. It is essential to avoid overconfident results and replicability issues. While significant advances have been made in this area for…
Randomised controlled trials aim to assess the impact of one (or more) health interventions relative to other standard interventions. RCTs sometimes use an ordinal outcome, which is an endpoint that comprises of multiple, monotonically…
Recent claims of strong performance by Large Language Models (LLMs) on causal discovery are undermined by a key flaw: many evaluations rely on benchmarks likely included in pretraining corpora. Thus, apparent success suggests that LLM-only…
With increasing data availability, causal effects can be evaluated across different data sets, both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. RCTs isolate the effect of the treatment from that of unwanted (confounding)…
Methods that infer causal dependence from observational data are central to many areas of science, including medicine, economics, and the social sciences. A variety of theoretical properties of these methods have been proven, but empirical…
Missing data remains a very common problem in large datasets, including survey and census data containing many ordinal responses, such as political polls and opinion surveys. Multiple imputation (MI) is usually the go-to approach for…
Ordinal data are quite common in applied statistics. Although some model selection and regularization techniques for categorical predictors and ordinal response models have been developed over the past few years, less work has been done…
Ordinal cumulative probability models (CPMs) -- also known as cumulative link models -- such as the proportional odds regression model are typically used for discrete ordered outcomes, but can accommodate both continuous and mixed…
Ordinal outcomes are common in clinical settings where they often represent increasing levels of disease progression or different levels of functional impairment. Such outcomes can characterize differences in meaningful patient health…