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As LLM agents transition to autonomous digital coworkers, maintaining deterministic goal-directedness in non-linear multi-turn conversations emerged as an architectural bottleneck. We identify and formalize a systemic failure mode termed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dahlia Shehata , Ming Li

Recently, we have proposed a framework for verification of agents' abilities in asynchronous multi-agent systems, together with an algorithm for automated reduction of models. The semantics was built on the modeling tradition of distributed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Wojciech Jamroga , Wojciech Penczek , Teofil Sidoruk

Effective social intelligence simulation requires language agents to dynamically adjust reasoning depth, a capability notably absent in current studies. Existing methods either lack explicit reasoning or employ lengthy Chain-of-Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minzheng Wang , Yongbin Li , Haobo Wang , Xinghua Zhang , Nan Xu , Bingli Wu , Fei Huang , Haiyang Yu , Wenji Mao

We develop a general theory of semantic dynamics for large language models by formalizing them as Continuous State Machines (CSMs): smooth dynamical systems whose latent manifolds evolve under probabilistic transition operators. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-08 C. M. Wyss

We introduce a novel method for multilingual transfer that utilizes deep contextual embeddings, pretrained in an unsupervised fashion. While contextual embeddings have been shown to yield richer representations of meaning compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Tal Schuster , Ori Ram , Regina Barzilay , Amir Globerson

Multi-agent systems (MAS) assume that collaborating inherently improves Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. We challenge this by demonstrating that simulated social pressure triggers an algorithmic ``Bystander Effect,'' inducing severe…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dahlia Shehata , Ming Li

We study a symmetric collaborative dialogue setting in which two agents, each with private knowledge, must strategically communicate to achieve a common goal. The open-ended dialogue state in this setting poses new challenges for existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-25 He He , Anusha Balakrishnan , Mihail Eric , Percy Liang

When instructed to underperform on multiple-choice evaluations, do language models engage with question content or fall back on positional shortcuts? We map the boundary between these regimes using a six-condition adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jon-Paul Cacioli

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping how knowledge is produced, with increasing reliance on AI systems for generation, summarization, and reasoning. While prior work has studied cognitive offloading in humans and model collapse in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xuening Wu , Yanlan Kang , Qianya Xu , Kexuan Xie , Jiaqi Mi , Honggang Wang , Yubin Liu , Zeping Chen

Robotic agents should be able to learn from sub-symbolic sensor data, and at the same time, be able to reason about objects and communicate with humans on a symbolic level. This raises the question of how to overcome the gap between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Nitesh Kumar , Andreas Persson , Amy Loutfi , Luc De Raedt

LLM agents do not act on raw interaction history; they act on a bounded decision state assembled by truncation, summarization, reordering, and rewriting. If directive-bearing state is dropped, weakened, or rebound during that step, an agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Igor Santos-Grueiro

The stability of generative artificial intelligence trained on recursive synthetic data is conventionally monitored via Perplexity (PPL). We demonstrate that PPL is a deceptive metric in context-stabilized regimes (L=128). Using a rigorous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pengyue Hou

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into agentic systems, they must adhere to dynamically defined, machine-interpretable interfaces. We evaluate LLMs as in-context interpreters: given a novel context-free grammar, can LLMs generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hanqi Li , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Multi-agent systems can improve reliability, yet under a fixed inference budget they often help, saturate, or even collapse. We develop a minimal and calibratable theory that predicts these regimes from three binding constraints of modern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bang Liu , Linglong Kong , Jian Pei

Recently, emergence of signaling conventions, among which language is a prime example, draws a considerable interdisciplinary interest ranging from game theory, to robotics to evolutionary linguistics. Such a wide spectrum of research is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-12-03 Dorota Lipowska , Adam Lipowski

In multi-user semantic communication, language mismatche poses a significant challenge when independently trained agents interact. We present a novel semantic equalization algorithm that enables communication between agents with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tomás Hüttebräucker , Simone Fiorellino , Mohamed Sana , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

Large language models are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems to overcome context limitations by distributing information across agents. Yet whether agents can reliably compute with distributed information, rather than merely…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuzhe Zhang , Feiran Liu , Yi Shan , Xinyi Huang , Xin Yang , Yueqi Zhu , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Wenyuan Jiang

Designing high-performance system heuristics is a creative, iterative process requiring experts to form hypotheses and execute multi-step conceptual shifts. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating this loop, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pantea Karimi , Kimia Noorbakhsh , Mohammad Alizadeh , Hari Balakrishnan

This paper introduces a methodology through which a population of autonomous agents can establish a linguistic convention that enables them to refer to arbitrary entities that they observe in their environment. The linguistic convention…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jérôme Botoko Ekila , Jens Nevens , Lara Verheyen , Katrien Beuls , Paul Van Eecke

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in autonomous driving and embodied AI systems, where reliable perception is critical for safe semantic reasoning and decision-making. While recent VLMs demonstrate strong performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guo Cheng