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Lossy compression and clustering fundamentally involve a decision about what features are relevant and which are not. The information bottleneck method (IB) by Tishby, Pereira, and Bialek formalized this notion as an information-theoretic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-23 DJ Strouse , David J Schwab

The Information Bottleneck (IB) is a conceptual method for extracting the most compact, yet informative, representation of a set of variables, with respect to the target. It generalizes the notion of minimal sufficient statistics from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Amichai Painsky , Naftali Tishby

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a technique to extract information about one target random variable through another relevant random variable. This technique has garnered significant interest due to its broad applications in information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Jiachuan Ye , Huihui Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Hao Wu

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers a compelling theoretical framework to understand how neural networks (NNs) learn. However, its practical utility has been constrained by unresolved theoretical ambiguities and significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

The Information Bottleneck (IB) objective uses information theory to formulate a task-performance versus robustness trade-off. It has been successfully applied in the standard discriminative classification setting. We pose the question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Lynton Ardizzone , Radek Mackowiak , Carsten Rother , Ullrich Köthe

The Symmetric Information Bottleneck (SIB), an extension of the more familiar Information Bottleneck, is a dimensionality reduction technique that simultaneously compresses two random variables to preserve information between their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-06 K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

In classical information theory, the information bottleneck method (IBM) can be regarded as a method of lossy data compression which focusses on preserving meaningful (or relevant) information. As such it has recently gained a lot of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 Nilanjana Datta , Christoph Hirche , Andreas Winter

Information Bottleneck (IB) is widely used, but in deep learning, it is usually implemented through tractable surrogates, such as variational bounds or neural mutual information (MI) estimators, rather than directly controlling the MI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Weiqi Wang , Zhiyi Tian , Chenhan Zhang , Shui Yu

The Information Bottleneck (IB) is a method of lossy compression of relevant information. Its rate-distortion (RD) curve describes the fundamental tradeoff between input compression and the preservation of relevant information embedded in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Shlomi Agmon

Information Bottleneck (IB) based multi-view learning provides an information theoretic principle for seeking shared information contained in heterogeneous data descriptions. However, its great success is generally attributed to estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Xudong Tian , Zhizhong Zhang , Cong Wang , Wensheng Zhang , Yanyun Qu , Lizhuang Ma , Zongze Wu , Yuan Xie , Dacheng Tao

In recent several years, the information bottleneck (IB) principle provides an information-theoretic framework for deep multi-view clustering (MVC) by compressing multi-view observations while preserving the relevant information of multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xiaoqiang Yan , Zhixiang Jin , Fengshou Han , Yangdong Ye

The Information bottleneck method is an unsupervised non-parametric data organization technique. Given a joint distribution P(A,B), this method constructs a new variable T that extracts partitions, or clusters, over the values of A that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Nir Friedman , Ori Mosenzon , Noam Slonim , Naftali Tishby

The Information Bottleneck (IB) framework is a general characterization of optimal representations obtained using a principled approach for balancing accuracy and complexity. Here we present a new framework, the Dual Information Bottleneck…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Zoe Piran , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Naftali Tishby

Extracting relevant information from data is crucial for all forms of learning. The information bottleneck (IB) method formalizes this, offering a mathematically precise and conceptually appealing framework for understanding learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn , David J. Schwab

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the generalization, robustness, and interpretability of deep neural networks, demonstrating efficacy across image segmentation, document clustering,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Hanzhe Yang , Youlong Wu , Dingzhu Wen , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi

Whenever communication takes place to fulfil a goal, an effective way to encode the source data to be transmitted is to use an encoding rule that allows the receiver to meet the requirements of the goal. A formal way to identify the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-24 Francesco Pezone , Sergio Barbarossa , Paolo Di Lorenzo

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a widely used framework that enables the extraction of information related to a target random variable from a source random variable. In the objective function, IB controls the trade-off between data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sota Kudo , Naoaki Ono , Shigehiko Kanaya , Ming Huang

In many applications, it is desirable to extract only the relevant information from complex input data, which involves making a decision about which input features are relevant. The information bottleneck method formalizes this as an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-28 Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio , Matthew Botvinick , Sergey Levine

Information bottleneck (IB) principle [1] has become an important element in information-theoretic analysis of deep models. Many state-of-the-art generative models of both Variational Autoencoder (VAE) [2; 3] and Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Slava Voloshynovskiy , Mouad Kondah , Shideh Rezaeifar , Olga Taran , Taras Holotyak , Danilo Jimenez Rezende

In the context of statistical learning, the Information Bottleneck method seeks a right balance between accuracy and generalization capability through a suitable tradeoff between compression complexity, measured by minimum description…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mohammad Mahdi Mahvari , Mari Kobayashi , Abdellatif Zaidi