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Clustering is a fundamental primitive in unsupervised learning. However, classical algorithms for $k$-clustering (such as $k$-median and $k$-means) assume access to exact pairwise distances -- an unrealistic requirement in many modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Rahul Raychaudhury , Aryan Esmailpour , Sainyam Galhotra , Stavros Sintos

We study optimization problems in a metric space $(\mathcal{X},d)$ where we can compute distances in two ways: via a ''strong'' oracle that returns exact distances $d(x,y)$, and a ''weak'' oracle that returns distances $\tilde{d}(x,y)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-25 MohammadHossein Bateni , Prathamesh Dharangutte , Rajesh Jayaram , Chen Wang

Clustering plays a crucial role in computer science, facilitating data analysis and problem-solving across numerous fields. By partitioning large datasets into meaningful groups, clustering reveals hidden structures and relationships within…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Aryan Esmailpour , Stavros Sintos

We study fair clustering problems in a setting where distance information is obtained from two sources: a strong oracle providing exact distances, but at a high cost, and a weak oracle providing potentially inaccurate distance estimates at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Vladimir Braverman , Prathamesh Dharangutte , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang , Hoai-An Nguyen , Chen Wang , Yubo Zhang , Samson Zhou

$k$-Clustering in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (e.g., $k$-median and $k$-means) is a fundamental machine learning problem. While near-linear time approximation algorithms were known in the classical setting for a dataset with cardinality $n$, it remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Yecheng Xue , Xiaoyu Chen , Tongyang Li , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang

Recently, due to an increasing interest for transparency in artificial intelligence, several methods of explainable machine learning have been developed with the simultaneous goal of accuracy and interpretability by humans. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Hossein Esfandiari , Vahab Mirrokni , Shyam Narayanan

The problem of constrained clustering has attracted significant attention in the past decades. In this paper, we study the balanced $k$-center, $k$-median, and $k$-means clustering problems where the size of each cluster is constrained by…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Hu Ding

Metric based comparison operations such as finding maximum, nearest and farthest neighbor are fundamental to studying various clustering techniques such as $k$-center clustering and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. These techniques…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Raghavendra Addanki , Sainyam Galhotra , Barna Saha

The k-means++ algorithm of Arthur and Vassilvitskii (SODA 2007) is a state-of-the-art algorithm for solving the k-means clustering problem and is known to give an O(log k)-approximation in expectation. Recently, Lattanzi and Sohler (ICML…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Davin Choo , Christoph Grunau , Julian Portmann , Václav Rozhoň

Ashtiani et al. proposed a Semi-Supervised Active Clustering framework (SSAC), where the learner is allowed to make adaptive queries to a domain expert. The queries are of the kind "do two given points belong to the same optimal cluster?"…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-05 Nir Ailon , Anup Bhattacharya , Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar

The classical center based clustering problems such as $k$-means/median/center assume that the optimal clusters satisfy the locality property that the points in the same cluster are close to each other. A number of clustering problems arise…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Anup Bhattacharya , Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar

We consider the problem of approximate $K$-means clustering with outliers and side information provided by same-cluster queries and possibly noisy answers. Our solution shows that, under some mild assumptions on the smallest cluster size,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-13 I Chien , Chao Pan , Olgica Milenkovic

The $k$-means++ algorithm by Arthur and Vassilvitskii [SODA 2007] is a classical and time-tested algorithm for the $k$-means problem. While being very practical, the algorithm also has good theoretical guarantees: its solution is $O(\log…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Christoph Grunau , Ahmet Alper Özüdoğru , Václav Rozhoň

We consider the problem of clustering in the learning-augmented setting, where we are given a data set in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, and a label for each data point given by an oracle indicating what subsets of points should be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Thy Nguyen , Anamay Chaturvedi , Huy Lê Nguyen

In this paper we initiate a systematic study of exact algorithms for well-known clustering problems, namely $k$-Median and $k$-Means. In $k$-Median, the input consists of a set $X$ of $n$ points belonging to a metric space, and the task is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Tanmay Inamdar , Nidhi Purohit , Saket Saurabh

Center-based clustering has attracted significant research interest from both theory and practice. In many practical applications, input data often contain background knowledge that can be used to improve clustering results. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Longkun Guo , Chaoqi Jia , Kewen Liao , Zhigang Lu , Minhui Xue

$K$-means, a simple and effective clustering algorithm, is one of the most widely used algorithms in multimedia and computer vision community. Traditional $k$-means is an iterative algorithm---in each iteration new cluster centers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Jingdong Wang , Jing Wang , Qifa Ke , Gang Zeng , Shipeng Li

We consider the classic $k$-center problem {in the constant dimensional Euclidean space} under a parallel setting, on the low-local-space Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model, with local space per machine of ${O}(n^{\delta})$, where…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sam Coy , Artur Czumaj , Gopinath Mishra

This paper gives a k-means approximation algorithm that is efficient in the relational algorithms model. This is an algorithm that operates directly on a relational database without performing a join to convert it to a matrix whose rows…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Benjamin Moseley , Kirk Pruhs , Alireza Samadian , Yuyan Wang

$k$-means clustering is NP-hard in the worst case but previous work has shown efficient algorithms assuming the optimal $k$-means clusters are \emph{stable} under additive or multiplicative perturbation of data. This has two caveats. First,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Amit Deshpande , Anand Louis , Apoorv Vikram Singh
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