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The negative sampling strategy can effectively train collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation models based on implicit feedback by constructing positive and negative samples. However, existing methods primarily optimize the negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jiayi Wu , Zhengyu Wu , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Most implicit collaborative filtering (CF) models are trained with negative sampling, where existing work designs sophisticated strategies for high-quality negatives while largely overlooking the exploration of positive samples. Although…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiayi Wu , Zhengyu Wu , Xunkai Li , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Learning from implicit feedback is a fundamental problem in modern recommender systems, where only positive interactions are observed and explicit negative signals are unavailable. In such settings, negative sampling plays a critical role…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Chen Chen , Haobo Lin , Yuanbo Xu

In implicit collaborative filtering (CF) task of recommender systems, recent works mainly focus on model structure design with promising techniques like graph neural networks (GNNs). Effective and efficient negative sampling methods that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Kexin Shi , Yun Zhang , Bingyi Jing , Wenjia Wang

Negative sampling is essential for implicit-feedback-based collaborative filtering, which is used to constitute negative signals from massive unlabeled data to guide supervised learning. The state-of-the-art idea is to utilize hard negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Yuhan Zhao , Rui Chen , Riwei Lai , Qilong Han , Hongtao Song , Li Chen

Negative sampling approaches are prevalent in implicit collaborative filtering for obtaining negative labels from massive unlabeled data. As two major concerns in negative sampling, efficiency and effectiveness are still not fully achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jingtao Ding , Yuhan Quan , Quanming Yao , Yong Li , Depeng Jin

Sequential recommendation models are primarily optimized to distinguish positive samples from negative ones during training in which negative sampling serves as an essential component in learning the evolving user preferences through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xiaoyang Liu , Chong Liu , Pinzheng Wang , Rongqin Zheng , Lixin Zhang , Leyu Lin , Zhijun Chen , Liangliang Fu

There has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms to extract clusters or communities from networks. This work proposes a method, based on blockmodelling, for leveraging communities and other topological features for use in a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2011-10-20 Leto Peel

Recommenders built upon implicit collaborative filtering are typically trained to distinguish between users' positive and negative preferences. When direct observations of the latter are unavailable, negative training data are constructed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yueqing Xuan , Kacper Sokol , Mark Sanderson , Jeffrey Chan

Collaborative filtering (CF) stands as a cornerstone in recommender systems, yet effectively leveraging the massive unlabeled data presents a significant challenge. Current research focuses on addressing the challenge of unlabeled data by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yuhan Zhao , Rui Chen , Qilong Han , Hongtao Song , Li Chen

The key towards learning informative node representations in graphs lies in how to gain contextual information from the neighbourhood. In this work, we present a simple-yet-effective self-supervised node representation learning strategy via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Wei Dong , Junsheng Wu , Yi Luo , Zongyuan Ge , Peng Wang

Collaborative filtering (CF), as a standard method for recommendation with implicit feedback, tackles a semi-supervised learning problem where most interaction data are unobserved. Such a nature makes existing approaches highly rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , Jipeng Jin , Xiaofeng Gao , Junwei Pan , Guihai Chen

In recommendation, graph-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) methods mitigate the data sparsity by introducing Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL). However, the random negative sampling strategy in these GCL-based CF models neglects the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Lei Han , Hui Yan , Zhicheng Qiao

The successful integration of graph neural networks into recommender systems (RSs) has led to a novel paradigm in collaborative filtering (CF), graph collaborative filtering (graph CF). By representing user-item data as an undirected,…

Negative sampling has emerged as an effective technique that enables deep learning models to learn better representations by introducing the paradigm of learn-to-compare. The goal of this approach is to add robustness to deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Suman Adhya , Avishek Lahiri , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal , Partha Pratim Das

Recommender systems leverage extensive user interaction data to model preferences; however, directly modeling these data may introduce biases that disproportionately favor popular items. In this paper, we demonstrate that popularity bias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Subset repair is an important data cleaning technique that enforces integrity constraints by deleting a minimal number of conflicting tuples, yet multiple minimal repairs often exist. Density-based methods address this ambiguity by favoring…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Guoqi Zhao , Xixian Han , Xiaolong Wan

We consider the online one-class collaborative filtering (CF) problem that consists of recommending items to users over time in an online fashion based on positive ratings only. This problem arises when users respond only occasionally to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Reinhard Heckel , Kannan Ramchandran

Recommender systems trained on implicit feedback data rely on negative sampling to distinguish positive items from negative items for each user. Since the majority of positive interactions come from a small group of active users, negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yueqing Xuan , Kacper Sokol , Mark Sanderson , Jeffrey Chan

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) aims to contrast positive-negative counterparts to learn the node embeddings, whereas graph data augmentation methods are employed to generate these positive-negative samples. The variation, quantity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Adnan Ali , Jinlong Li , Huanhuan Chen , Ali Kashif Bashir
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