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Related papers: Unifying Formal Explanations: A Complexity-Theoret…

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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) must resolve conflicts when different modalities provide contradictory information, a process we term modality following. Prior work measured this behavior only with coarse dataset-level statistics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhuoran Zhang , Tengyue Wang , Xilin Gong , Yang Shi , Haotian Wang , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

As deep neural models in NLP become more complex, and as a consequence opaque, the necessity to interpret them becomes greater. A burgeoning interest has emerged in rationalizing explanations to provide short and coherent justifications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Neema Kotonya , Francesca Toni

The relevance of machine learning (ML) in our daily lives is closely intertwined with its explainability. Explainability can allow end-users to have a transparent and humane reckoning of a ML scheme's capability and utility. It will also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Payel Sadhukhan , Sarbani palit , Kausik Sengupta

Existing algorithms for explaining the outputs of image classifiers are based on a variety of approaches and produce explanations that frequently lack formal rigour. On the other hand, logic-based explanations are formally and rigorously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 David A Kelly , Hana Chockler

We discuss probabilistic neural networks with a fixed internal representation as models for machine understanding. Here understanding is intended as mapping data to an already existing representation which encodes an {\em a priori}…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-12-07 Rongrong Xie , Matteo Marsili

In many naturally occurring optimization problems one needs to ensure that the definition of the optimization problem lends itself to solutions that are tractable to compute. In cases where exact solutions cannot be computed tractably, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-08 Bharath Sankaran , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Xinran He , David Kale , Liron Cohen

There has been a large number of studies in interpretable and explainable ML for cybersecurity, in particular, for intrusion detection. Many of these studies have significant amount of overlapping and repeated evaluations and analysis. At…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Omer Subasi , Johnathan Cree , Joseph Manzano , Elena Peterson

A feature-based model explanation denotes how much each input feature contributes to a model's output for a given data point. As the number of proposed explanation functions grows, we lack quantitative evaluation criteria to help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller , José M. F. Moura

While deep neural networks are extremely effective at classifying images, they remain opaque and hard to interpret. We introduce local and global explanation methods for black-box models that generate explanations in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bhavan Vasu , Giuseppe Raffa , Prasad Tadepalli

We give new proofs of soundness (all representable functions on base types lies in certain complexity classes) for Elementary Affine Logic, LFPL (a language for polytime computation close to realistic functional programming introduced by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 U. Dal Lago , M. Hofmann

We study the complexity of satisfiability problems in probabilistic and causal reasoning. Given random variables $X_1, X_2,\ldots$ over finite domains, the basic terms are probabilities of propositional formulas over atomic events $X_i =…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Markus Bläser , Julian Dörfler , Maciej Liśkiewicz , Benito van der Zander

Recent years have shown an increased development of methods for justifying the predictions of neural networks through visual explanations. These explanations usually take the form of heatmaps which assign a saliency (or relevance) value to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Benjamin Vandersmissen , Jose Oramas

Understanding why a model made a certain prediction is crucial in many data science fields. Interpretable predictions engender appropriate trust and provide insight into how the model may be improved. However, with large modern datasets the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Scott Lundberg , Su-In Lee

The increasing complexity of AI systems has made understanding their behavior critical. Numerous interpretability methods have been developed to attribute model behavior to three key aspects: input features, training data, and internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shichang Zhang , Tessa Han , Usha Bhalla , Himabindu Lakkaraju

In sensitive contexts, providers of machine learning algorithms are increasingly required to give explanations for their algorithms' decisions. However, explanation receivers might not trust the provider, who potentially could output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Robi Bhattacharjee , Ulrike von Luxburg

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

Characteristic formulae give a complete logical description of the behaviour of processes modulo some chosen notion of behavioural semantics. They allow one to reduce equivalence or preorder checking to model checking, and are exactly the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Luca Aceto , Antonis Achilleos , Aggeliki Chalki , Anna Ingolfsdottir

It is becoming increasingly important to explain complex, black-box machine learning models. Although there is an expanding literature on this topic, Shapley values stand out as a sound method to explain predictions from any type of machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-03 Annabelle Redelmeier , Martin Jullum , Kjersti Aas

Advancements in mathematical programming have made it possible to efficiently tackle large-scale real-world problems that were deemed intractable just a few decades ago. However, provably optimal solutions may not be accepted due to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Kevin-Martin Aigner , Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch , Frauke Liers , Arthur Miehlich

While multimodal AI systems (models jointly trained on heterogeneous data types such as text, time series, graphs, and images) have become ubiquitous and achieved remarkable performance across high-stakes applications, transparent and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chirag Agarwal