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The formation of a solar system is believed to have followed a multi-stage process around a protostar. Whipple first noted that planetesimal growth by particle agglomeration is strongly influenced by gas drag; there is a "bottleneck" at the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 J. S. Wettlaufer

The streaming instability and pebble accretion are two physical mechanisms with demonstrated potentials to drive, respectively, the formation of planetesimals and the growth of planetary systems containing a diverse range of planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Anders Johansen , Wladimir Lyra

Recent works have shown that the thermal inertia of km-sized near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of main belt asteroids (MBAs) with sizes (diameters) between 200 and 1,000 km. This confirms the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-07 Marco Delbo , Paolo Tanga

Eccentric gaseous discs are unstable to a parametric instability involving the resonant interaction between inertial-gravity waves and the eccentric mode in the disc. We present 3D global hydrodynamical simulations of inviscid circumbinary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Arnaud Pierens , Colin P. McNally , Richard P. Nelson

Protoplanetary disks surrounding young stars are the birth places of planets. Among them, transition disks with inner dust cavities of tens of au are sometimes suggested to host massive companions. Yet, such companions are often not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Shuo Huang , Nienke van der Marel , Simon Portegies Zwart

We explore the origin of the trend of heavy elements in observed massive exoplanets. Coupling of better measurements of mass ($M_p$) and radius of exoplanets with planet structure models enables estimating the total heavy element mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-10 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Geoffrey Bryden , Masahiro Ikoma , Gautam Vasisht , Mark Swain

Much recent work on planet formation has focused on the growth of planets by accretion of grains whose aerodynamic properties make them marginally coupled to the nebular gas, a theory commonly referred to as "pebble accretion". While pebble…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-21 M. M. Rosenthal , R. A. Murray-Clay

The origins of carbonaceous asteroids in the asteroid belt is not fully understood. The leading hypothesis is that they were not born at their current location but instead implanted into the asteroid belt early in the Solar System history.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-12 Rafael Ribeiro de Sousa , Andre Izidoro , Rogerio Deienno , Rajdeep Dasgupta

The size distribution of asteroids and Kuiper belt objects in the solar system is difficult to reconcile with a bottom-up formation scenario due to the observed scarcity of objects smaller than $\sim$100 km in size. Instead, planetesimals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Daniel Carrera , Anders Johansen , Melvyn B. Davies

In this paper, the possibility that the moderately volatile element depletions observed in chondritic meteorites are the results of planetesimals accreting in a solar nebula that cooled from an initially hot state (temperatures > 1350 K out…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Fred J. Ciesla

The amount of nebular gas that a planet can bind is limited by its cooling rate, which is set by the opacity of its envelope. Accreting dust and pebbles contribute to the envelope opacity and, thus, influence the outcome of planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-15 M. G. Brouwers , C. W. Ormel , A. Bonsor , A. Vazan

The solid accretion rate, necessary to grow gas giant planetary cores within the disk lifetime, has been a major constraint for theories of planet formation. We tested the solid accretion rate efficiency on planetary cores of different…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-23 Apostolos Zormpas , Giovanni Picogna , Barbara Ercolano , Wilhelm Kley

The Dwarf Planet Ceres revealed the presence of ammonia and other unique properties compared to other asteroids in the main belt which suggests that it was not formed in situ. We model the early dynamical evolution of the outer Solar System…

Observations of C-type NEAs and lab investigations of carbonaceous chondritic (CC) meteorites provide strong evidence for a high porosity of C-type asteroids. Boulder microporosity values derived from in-situ measurements at the surface of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-10 Wladimir Neumann , Matthias Grott , Mario Trieloff , Ralf Jaumann , Jens Biele , Maximilian Hamm , Ekkehard Kührt

Chemical compositions of giant planets provide a means to constrain how and where they form. Traditionally, super-stellar elemental abundances in giant planets were thought to be possible due to accretion of metal-rich solids. Such…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-10 Richard A. Booth , Cathie J. Clarke , Nikku Madhusudhan , John D. Ilee

Icy pebbles may play an important role in planet formation close to the water ice line of protoplanetary discs. There, dust coagulation is more efficient and re-condensation of vapor on pebbles may enhance their growth outside the ice line.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Stefano Spadaccia , Holly L. Capelo , Antoine Pommerol , Philipp Schuetz , Yann Alibert , Katrin Ros , Nicolas Thomas

One of the current challenges of planet formation theory is to explain the enrichment of observed exoplanetary atmospheres. Past studies have focused on scenarios where either pebbles or planetesimals were the heavy element enrichment's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Claudia Danti , Bertram Bitsch , Jingyi Mah

Protoplanets of Super-Earth sizes may get trapped in convergence zones for planetary migration and form gas giants there. These growing planets undergo accretion heating, which triggers a hot-trail effect that can reverse migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Miroslav Brož , Ondřej Chrenko , David Nesvorný , Michiel Lambrechts

So far, multiple stellar systems harbor more than 130 extra solar planets. Dynamical simulations show that the outcome of planetary formation process can lead to various planetary architecture (i.e. location, size, mass and water content)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-02 D. Bancelin , E. Pilat-Lohinger , S. Eggl , T. I. Maindl , C. Schäfer , R. Speith , R. Dvorak

More than a half of asteroids in the main belt have irregular shapes with the ratios of the minor to major axis lengths less than 0.6. One of the mechanisms to create such shapes is collisions between asteroids. The relationship between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka
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