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In this paper, we introduce Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations for Q-functions in continuous time optimal control problems with Lipschitz continuous controls. The standard Q-function used in reinforcement learning is shown to be the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Jeongho Kim , Insoon Yang

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability analysis is a widely used method for ensuring the safety of robotic systems. Traditional approaches compute reachable sets by numerically solving an HJ Partial Differential Equation (PDE) over a grid, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zeyuan Feng , Le Qiu , Somil Bansal

As autonomous robots move into complex, dynamic real-world environments, they must learn to navigate safely in real time, yet anticipating all possible behaviors is infeasible. We propose a composable, model-free reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xinhuan Sang , Abdelrahman Abdelgawad , Roberto Tron

In this work, we propose an approach for ensuring the safety of vehicles passing through an intelligent intersection. There are many proposals for the design of intelligent intersections that introduce central decision-makers to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Kaj Munhoz Arfvidsson , Frank J. Jiang , Karl H. Johansson , Jonas Mårtensson

Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) reachability analysis is a powerful tool for analyzing the safety of autonomous systems. This analysis is computationally intensive and typically performed offline. Online, however, the autonomous system may…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Sylvia L. Herbert , Shromona Ghosh , Somil Bansal , Claire J. Tomlin

This paper introduces an AI-enabled, interaction-aware active safety analysis framework that accounts for groupwise vehicle interactions. Specifically, the framework employs a bicycle model-augmented with road gradient considerations-to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Keshu Wu , Zihao Li , Sixu Li , Xinyue Ye , Dominique Lord , Yang Zhou

Multi-agent differential games are important and useful tools for analyzing many practical problems. With the recent surge of interest in using UAVs for civil purposes, the importance and urgency of developing tractable multi-agent analysis…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Mo Chen , Jennifer C. Shih , Claire J. Tomlin

Hamilton-Jacobi reachability analysis is a powerful technique used to verify the safety of autonomous systems. This method is very good at handling non-linear system dynamics with disturbances and flexible set representations. A drawback to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-09 Minh Bui , Michael Lu , Reza Hojabr , Mo Chen , Arrvindh Shriraman

This paper presents a learning-based optimal control framework for safety-critical systems with parametric uncertainties, addressing both time-triggered and self-triggered controller implementations. First, we develop a robust control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-31 Zhanglin Shangguan , Bo Yang , Qi Li , Wei Xiao , Xingping Guan

This article presents a Hamilton--Jacobi (HJ) reachability framework for a two--satellite collision avoidance problem operating in the same circular orbit, where relative motion is modeled in the radial--tangential--normal (RTN) frame using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Larry Hui , Jordan Kam , William Su , Jianshu Zhou

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability provides formal safety guarantees for nonlinear systems. However, it becomes computationally intractable in high-dimensional settings, motivating learning-based approximations that may introduce unsafe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Ebonye Smith , Sampada Deglurkar , Jingqi Li , Gechen Qu , Claire J. Tomlin

Hamilton-Jacobi reachability methods for safety-critical control have been well studied, but the safety guarantees derived rely on the accuracy of the numerical computation. Thus, it is crucial to understand and account for any inaccuracies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Nikolaus Vertovec , Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Kostas Margellos

We address the crucial yet underexplored stability properties of the Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equation in model-free reinforcement learning contexts, specifically for Lipschitz continuous optimal control problems. We bridge the gap…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Namkyeong Cho , Yeoneung Kim

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability analysis provides a formal method for guaranteeing safety in constrained control problems. It synthesizes a value function to represent a long-term safe set called feasible region. Early synthesis methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Yujie Yang , Hanjiang Hu , Tianhao Wei , Shengbo Eben Li , Changliu Liu

We present a fast planning architecture called Hamilton-Jacobi-based bidirectional A* (HJBA*) to solve general tight parking scenarios. The algorithm is a two-layer composed of a high-level HJ-based reachability analysis and a lower-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xuemin Chi , Jun Zeng , Jihao Huang , Zhitao Liu , Hongye Su

Reachability analysis is important for studying optimal control problems and differential games, which are powerful theoretical tools for analyzing and modeling many practical problems in robotics, aircraft control, among other application…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Mo Chen , Claire J. Tomlin

This report aims to compare two safety methods: control barrier function and Hamilton-Jacobi reachability analysis. We will consider the difference with a focus on the following aspects: generality of system dynamics, difficulty of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-25 Zhichao Li

We propose a novel formulation for approximating reachable sets through a minimum discounted reward optimal control problem. The formulation yields a continuous solution that can be obtained by solving a Hamilton-Jacobi equation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-05 Anayo K. Akametalu , Shromona Ghosh , Jaime F. Fisac , Claire J. Tomlin

This study addresses the challenges of dynamics and complexity in intelligent human-computer interaction and proposes a reinforcement learning-based optimization framework to improve long-term returns and overall experience. Human-computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rui Liu , Yifan Zhuang , Runsheng Zhang

Learning-based approaches for controlling safety-critical systems are rapidly growing in popularity; thus, it is important to assure their performance and safety. Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability analysis is a popular formal verification…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Albert Lin , Somil Bansal