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This study proposes the use of a social learning method to estimate a global state within a multi-agent off-policy actor-critic algorithm for reinforcement learning (RL) operating in a partially observable environment. We assume that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) addresses the challenge of expensive and high-risk data exploration inherent in RL by pre-training policies on vast amounts of offline data, enabling direct deployment or fine-tuning in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Thanh Nguyen , Tung M. Luu , Tri Ton , Chang D. Yoo

Recent advance in deep offline reinforcement learning (RL) has made it possible to train strong robotic agents from offline datasets. However, depending on the quality of the trained agents and the application being considered, it is often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Seunghyun Lee , Younggyo Seo , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Jinwoo Shin

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have significant potential for dialogue policy optimisation. However, they suffer from a poor performance in the early stages of learning. This is especially problematic for on-line learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Pei-Hao Su , Pawel Budzianowski , Stefan Ultes , Milica Gasic , Steve Young

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, growing demand variability, and evolving grid control strategies, accurate and efficient load modeling has become a critical yet challenging task. Traditional methods, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Ding Lin , Han Guo , Jianhui Wang , Meng Yue , Tianqiao Zhao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds promise as a means to learn high-reward policies from a static dataset, without the need for further environment interactions. However, a key challenge in offline RL lies in effectively stitching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Siddarth Venkatraman , Shivesh Khaitan , Ravi Tej Akella , John Dolan , Jeff Schneider , Glen Berseth

Diffusion and flow matching policies offer expressive, multimodal action modeling, yet they are frequently unstable in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to intractable likelihoods and gradients propagating through long sampling chains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chubin Zhang , Zhenglin Wan , Feng Chen , Fuchao Yang , Lang Feng , Yaxin Zhou , Xingrui Yu , Yang You , Ivor Tsang , Bo An

Offline-to-online (O2O) reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective means of leveraging an offline pre-trained policy as initialization to improve performance rapidly with limited online interactions. Recent studies often design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Qin-Wen Luo , Ming-Kun Xie , Ye-Wen Wang , Sheng-Jun Huang

Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) is a practical reinforcement learning paradigm that aims to learn goal-conditioned policies from reward-free offline data. Despite recent advances in hierarchical architectures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhiqiang Dong , Teng Pang , Rongjian Xu , Guoqiang Wu

The offline reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm provides a general recipe to convert static behavior datasets into policies that can perform better than the policy that collected the data. While policy constraints, conservatism, and other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Jianlan Luo , Perry Dong , Jeffrey Wu , Aviral Kumar , Xinyang Geng , Sergey Levine

We introduce a one-step generative policy for offline reinforcement learning that maps noise directly to actions via a residual reformulation of MeanFlow, making it compatible with Q-learning. While one-step Gaussian policies enable fast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zeyuan Wang , Da Li , Yulin Chen , Ye Shi , Liang Bai , Tianyuan Yu , Yanwei Fu

Generative policies based on expressive model classes, such as diffusion and flow matching, are well-suited to complex control problems with highly multimodal action distributions. Their expressivity, however, comes at a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo , Avishek Joey Bose

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven highly effective in addressing complex decision-making and control tasks. However, in most traditional RL algorithms, the policy is typically parameterized as a diagonal Gaussian distribution with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yinuo Wang , Likun Wang , Yuxuan Jiang , Wenjun Zou , Tong Liu , Xujie Song , Wenxuan Wang , Liming Xiao , Jiang Wu , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success, yet its deployment in real-world scenarios is often limited by vulnerability to environmental uncertainties. Distributionally robust RL (DR-RL) algorithms have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingxuan Cui , Duo Zhou , Yuxuan Han , Grani A. Hanasusanto , Qiong Wang , Huan Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou

There is growing interest in utilizing flow-based models as decision-making policies in reinforcement learning due to their high expressive capacity. However, effectively leveraging this expressivity for value maximization remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 JaeHyeok Doo , Byeongguk Jeon , Seonghyeon Ye , Kimin Lee , Minjoon Seo

Online interactions with the environment to collect data samples for training a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent is not always feasible due to economic and safety concerns. The goal of Offline Reinforcement Learning is to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chi Zhang , Sanmukh Rao Kuppannagari , Viktor K Prasanna

Recent advancements in offline Reinforcement Learning (Offline RL) have led to an increased focus on methods based on conservative policy updates to address the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) issue. These methods typically involve adding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zhao Wang , Briti Gangopadhyay , Jia-Fong Yeh , Shingo Takamatsu

Actor-critic (AC) methods are widely used in reinforcement learning (RL) and benefit from the flexibility of using any policy gradient method as the actor and value-based method as the critic. The critic is usually trained by minimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sharan Vaswani , Amirreza Kazemi , Reza Babanezhad , Nicolas Le Roux

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental methodology in autonomous driving systems, where generative policies exhibit considerable potential by leveraging their ability to model complex distributions to enhance exploration. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tianze Zhu , Yinuo Wang , Wenjun Zou , Tianyi Zhang , Likun Wang , Letian Tao , Feihong Zhang , Yao Lyu , Shengbo Eben Li

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy that maximizes the expected return using a given static dataset of transitions. However, offline RL faces the distribution shift problem. The policy constraint offline RL method is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yuanhao Chen , Qi Liu , Pengbin Chen , Zhongjian Qiao , Yanjie Li