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This paper proposes a new method for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) that balances exploration and exploitation. While evolutionary algorithms (EAs) show promise in HPO, they often struggle with effective exploitation. To address this, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Chul Kim , Inwhee Joe

In this paper we consider the problem of learning variational models in the context of supervised learning via risk minimization. Our goal is to provide a deeper understanding of the two approaches of learning of variational models via…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-07 Christoph Brauer , Niklas Breustedt , Timo de Wolff , Dirk A. Lorenz

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a common approach for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) in automated machine learning. Although it is well-accepted that HPO is crucial to obtain well-performing machine learning models, tuning BO's own…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Marius Lindauer , Matthias Feurer , Katharina Eggensperger , André Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter

We present several applications of the bias-variance decomposition, beginning with straightforward Monte Carlo estimation of integrals, but progressing to the more complex problem of Monte Carlo Optimization (MCO), which involves finding a…

Applications · Statistics 2008-10-07 Dev Rajnarayan , David Wolpert

Hyperparameter tuning is an important task of machine learning, which can be formulated as a bilevel program (BLP). However, most existing algorithms are not applicable for BLP with non-smooth lower-level problems. To address this, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-04 He Chen , Haochen Xu , Rujun Jiang , Anthony Man-Cho So

Bilevel optimization, in which one optimization problem is nested inside another, underlies many machine learning applications with a hierarchical structure -- such as meta-learning and hyperparameter optimization. Such applications often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrew Lowy , Daogao Liu

Deep learning has achieved impressive results on many problems. However, it requires high degree of expertise or a lot of experience to tune well the hyperparameters, and such manual tuning process is likely to be biased. Moreover, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Jiazhuo Wang , Jason Xu , Xuejun Wang

Bilevel optimization has recently attracted growing interests due to its wide applications in modern machine learning problems. Although recent studies have characterized the convergence rate for several such popular algorithms, it is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

Bilevel optimization enjoys a wide range of applications in emerging machine learning and signal processing problems such as hyper-parameter optimization, image reconstruction, meta-learning, adversarial training, and reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Han Shen , Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen

This article studies Gauss-Newton-type methods for over-determined systems to find solutions to bilevel programming problems. To proceed, we use the lower-level value function reformulation of bilevel programs and consider necessary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Joerg Fliege , Andrey Tin , Alain Zemkoho

Bilevel optimization has garnered significant attention in the machine learning community recently, particularly regarding the development of efficient numerical methods. While substantial progress has been made in developing efficient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Qichao Cao , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

The performance of policy gradient methods is sensitive to hyperparameter settings that must be tuned for any new application. Widely used grid search methods for tuning hyperparameters are sample inefficient and computationally expensive.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Supratik Paul , Vitaly Kurin , Shimon Whiteson

We present differentially private (DP) algorithms for bilevel optimization, a problem class that received significant attention lately in various machine learning applications. These are the first algorithms for such problems under standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Guy Kornowski

Bilevel optimization have gained growing interests, with numerous applications found in meta learning, minimax games, reinforcement learning, and nested composition optimization. This paper studies the problem of distributed bilevel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-23 Shuoguang Yang , Xuezhou Zhang , Mengdi Wang

Hyperparameter optimization constitutes a large part of typical modern machine learning workflows. This arises from the fact that machine learning methods and corresponding preprocessing steps often only yield optimal performance when…

Recently, remarkable progress has been made in large-scale pre-trained model tuning, and inference efficiency is becoming more crucial for practical deployment. Early exiting in conjunction with multi-stage predictors, when cooperated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Liwei Luo , Shuaitengyuan Li , Dongwei Ren , Qilong Wang , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

To reach high performance with deep learning, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is essential. This process is usually time-consuming due to costly evaluations of neural networks. Early discarding techniques limit the resources granted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Romain Egele , Felix Mohr , Tom Viering , Prasanna Balaprakash

A number of optimization approaches have been proposed for optimizing nonconvex objectives (e.g. deep learning models), such as batch gradient descent, stochastic gradient descent and stochastic variance reduced gradient descent. Theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Jia Bi , Steve R. Gunn

Hyper-parameter optimization is crucial for pushing the accuracy of a deep learning model to its limits. A hyper-parameter optimization job, referred to as a study, involves numerous trials of training a model using different training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ahnjae Shin , Do Yoon Kim , Joo Seong Jeong , Byung-Gon Chun

Bilevel Optimization has witnessed notable progress recently with new emerging efficient algorithms. However, its application in the Federated Learning setting remains relatively underexplored, and the impact of Federated Learning's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang
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