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Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex tasks. Recent work has explored self-evolving MAS that automatically optimize agent capabilities or communication topologies. However, existing methods…
Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate over long and recurring external contexts, like document corpora and code repositories. Across invocations, existing approaches preserve either the agent's trajectory, passive access to…
Autonomous LLM agents require structured long-term memory, yet current "append-and-evolve" systems like A-MEM face O(N^2) write-latency and excessive token costs. We introduce D-MEM (Dopamine-Gated Agentic Memory), a biologically inspired…
One of the grand enduring goals of AI is to create generalist agents that can learn multiple different tasks from diverse data via multitask learning (MTL). However, in practice, applying gradient descent (GD) on the average loss across all…
Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables LLMs to solve complex tasks by alternating between a data-collection rollout phase and a policy training phase. During rollout, the agent generates trajectories, i.e., multi-step interactions…
Although Transformers with fully connected self-attentions are powerful to model long-term dependencies, they are struggling to scale to long texts with thousands of words in language modeling. One of the solutions is to equip the model…
Modern information systems require autonomous agents capable of navigating complex workflows, yet current methodologies often struggle with the transition from structured metadata parsing to general environmental perception. While the…
The rapid development of large vision-language model (VLM) has greatly promoted the research of GUI agent. However, GUI agents still face significant challenges in handling long-horizon tasks. First, single-agent models struggle to balance…
Configuring LLM-based agent systems involves choosing workflows, tools, token budgets, and prompts from a large combinatorial design space, and is typically handled today by fixed templates or hand-tuned heuristics that apply the same…
Autonomous Earth Observation (EO) agents are transitioning from passive perception to complex, multi-step task execution. However, current architectures that integrate planning and execution within a single model often struggle with…
Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents often face a fundamental tension between answer quality and execution cost. Fixed workflows are stable but inflexible, while free-form multi-step reasoning methods such as ReAct may improve task…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been extended to the video domain, enabling sophisticated video-language understanding. However, existing Video LLMs often exhibit limitations in fine-grained temporal reasoning, restricting their…
Aligning AI systems with organizational decision-making is typically framed as a single-target problem: make the model behave like the organization. We argue this framing obscures a deeper pluralistic challenge. We rely on a decision-policy…
Agentic AI require persistent memory to store user-specific histories beyond the limited context window of LLMs. Existing memory systems use dense vector databases or knowledge-graph traversal (or hybrid), incurring high retrieval latency…
The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive text generators to autonomous, goal-driven systems represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. This chapter examines the emergence of agentic AI systems that…
Long-horizon LLM agents require memory systems that remain accurate under fixed context budgets. However, existing systems struggle with two persistent challenges in long-term dialogue: (i) \textbf{disconnected evidence}, where multi-hop…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent agents that reason, plan, and interact with their environments. To effectively scale to long-horizon scenarios, a key capability for such agents is a memory mechanism…
Long-horizon agentic reasoning requires large language models to act over long interaction histories containing thoughts, tool calls, observations, and partial conclusions. The challenge is not merely that these histories grow long, but…
A critical limitation in large-scale multi-agent systems is the cascading of errors. And without intermediate verification, downstream agents exacerbate upstream inaccuracies, resulting in significant quality degradation. To bridge this…
Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) -- multi-agent systems that combine large language models with external tools and autonomous planning -- are rapidly transitioning from research laboratories into high-stakes domains. Our earlier "Basic"…