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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold great promise for general-purpose robotic intelligence, yet scaling up such models is severely bottlenecked by the high cost of acquiring annotated training data. Fortunately, vision-equipped robots…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuhao Zhou , Yunpeng Zhu , Yang Zhou , Jindi Lyu , Jian Lan , Zhangyuan Wang , Dan Si , Thomas Seidl , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lyu

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a task where agents must decide how to move through a 3D environment to reach a goal by grounding natural language instructions to the visual surroundings. One of the problems of the VLN task is data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tsu-Jui Fu , Xin Eric Wang , Matthew Peterson , Scott Grafton , Miguel Eckstein , William Yang Wang

Large policies pretrained on a combination of Internet-scale vision-language data and diverse robot demonstrations have the potential to change how we teach robots new skills: rather than training new behaviors from scratch, we can…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically evaluated as if the user had finished typing or speaking before the robot begins acting. In real deployment, however, users take several seconds to enter a request, leaving the policy idle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Joonha Park , Jiseung Jeong , Taesik Gong

While vision-language models have advanced significantly, their application in language-conditioned robotic manipulation is still underexplored, especially for contact-rich tasks that extend beyond visually dominant pick-and-place…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Chaofan Zhang , Peng Hao , Xiaoge Cao , Xiaoshuai Hao , Shaowei Cui , Shuo Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into desired robotic actions. Despite their…

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive results in various vision-language tasks. However, despite showing promising performance, LVLMs suffer from hallucinations caused by language bias, leading to diminished focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Yichi Zhang , Maosong Sun , Mingjia Zhang , Baobao Chang

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Recent progress in vision-language-action (VLA) models has enabled language-conditioned driving agents to execute natural-language navigation commands in closed-loop simulation, yet standard evaluations largely assume instructions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kaiser Hamid , Can Cui , Nade Liang

Recent progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a principled approach to optimizing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, facilitating a shift from trajectory imitation to active learning in the task environment. Despite improvements…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sixu Lin , Yunpeng Qing , Litao Liu , Ming Zhou , Ruixing Jin , Xiaoyi Fan , Guiliang Liu

In the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task an embodied agent navigates a 3D environment, following natural language instructions. A challenge in this task is how to handle 'off the path' scenarios where an agent veers from a reference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sonia Raychaudhuri , Saim Wani , Shivansh Patel , Unnat Jain , Angel X. Chang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into robotic actions. Despite their recent advancements,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tuan Van Vo , Tan Quang Nguyen , Khang Minh Nguyen , Duy Ho Minh Nguyen , Minh Nhat Vu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models map multimodal inputs directly to robot actions and are typically trained through large-scale imitation learning. While this paradigm has shown strong performance, prevailing VLA training procedures do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yubai Wei , Chen Wu , Hashem Haghbayan

Vision--language--action (VLA) policies are trained to imitate actions; their loss never asks them to estimate reward, progress, or future success. Their frozen representations nevertheless carry such information, and it can be read out and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiachen Zhang , Junnan Nie , Junyi Lao , Wei Cheng , Chenghao Liu , Jiaxin Jiang , Songfang Huang

Alignment faking, where a model behaves aligned with developer policy when monitored but reverts to its own preferences when unobserved, is a concerning yet poorly understood phenomenon, in part because current diagnostic tools remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Inderjeet Nair , Jie Ruan , Lu Wang

Recent advancements in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in robotic manipulation, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon, multi-step tasks. Existing methods lack internal reasoning mechanisms that can identify…

This paper proposes to solve the problem of Vision-and-Language Navigation with legged robots, which not only provides a flexible way for humans to command but also allows the robot to navigate through more challenging and cluttered scenes.…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained popularity for learning robotic manipulation tasks that follow language instructions. State-of-the-art VLAs, such as OpenVLA and $\pi_{0}$, were trained on large-scale, manually labeled action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Bahey Tharwat , Yara Nasser , Ali Abouzeid , Ian Reid

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous cross-modal tasks. Since they are optimized to capture the statistical properties of intra- and inter-modality, there remains risk to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Yi Zhang , Junyang Wang , Jitao Sang

Vision-Language-Action models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot learning, enabling agents to map visual observations and natural-language instructions into executable robotic actions. Though popular,…