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This paper proposes piece-wise matching layer as a novel layer in representation learning methods for electrocardiogram (ECG) classification. Despite the remarkable performance of representation learning methods in the analysis of time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-14 Behzad Ghazanfari , Fatemeh Afghah , Sixian Zhang

Continual learning protocols are attracting increasing attention from the medical imaging community. In continual environments, datasets acquired under different conditions arrive sequentially; and each is only available for a limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Camila Gonzalez , Nick Lemke , Georgios Sakas , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

Pretrained encoders for mathematical texts have achieved significant improvements on various tasks such as formula classification and information retrieval. Yet they remain limited in representing and capturing student strategies for entire…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Siddhartha Pradhan , Ethan Prihar , Erin Ottmar

Recently, supervised methods, which often require substantial amounts of class labels, have achieved promising results for EEG representation learning. However, labeling EEG data is a challenging task. More recently, holistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Guangyi Zhang , Ali Etemad

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are non-invasive diagnostic tools crucial for detecting cardiac arrhythmic diseases in clinical practice. While ECG Self-supervised Learning (eSSL) methods show promise in representation learning from unannotated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Che Liu , Zhongwei Wan , Cheng Ouyang , Anand Shah , Wenjia Bai , Rossella Arcucci

EEG signals are usually simple to obtain but expensive to label. Although supervised learning has been widely used in the field of EEG signal analysis, its generalization performance is limited by the amount of annotated data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Xue Jiang , Jianhui Zhao , Bo Du , Zhiyong Yuan

While Deep Learning (DL) enhances automated electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, clinical deployment is hindered by class imbalance and the generalization gap. This paper presents HeartBeatAI, a deep learning framework combining domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shubham Gupta , Nikhil Panwar , Partha Pratim Roy

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac pathologies and is a fundamental pillar of cardiovascular medicine. Recent progress in deep learning has led to the development of robust automated…

Predictive benchmarking, the evaluation of machine learning models based on predictive performance and competitive ranking, is a central epistemic practice in machine learning research and an increasingly prominent method for scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Timo Freiesleben , Sebastian Zezulka

Physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECG) and electroencephalograms (EEG) provide complementary insights into human health and cognition, yet multi-modal integration is challenging due to limited multi-modal labeled data, and…

The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence, specifically Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have opened new prospects in medical sciences for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of severe health conditions. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Atit Pokharel , Shashank Dahal , Pratik Sapkota , Bhupendra Bimal Chhetri

Electrocardiogram (ECG) has emerged as a widely accepted diagnostic instrument for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The standard clinical 12-lead ECG configuration causes considerable inconvenience and discomfort, while wearable devices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiarong Chen , Wanqing Wu , Tong Liu , Shenda Hong

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cornerstone of brain-computer interfaces and clinical neuroscience, yet deep learning models are typically trained and evaluated under a single, unreported preprocessing pipeline. We formalize preprocessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dengzhe Hou , Zihao Wu , Lingyu Jiang , Zirui Li , Fangzhou Lin , Kazunori D. Yamada

Increasing volume of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in recent years provides great opportunities for data scientists to collaborate on different aspects of healthcare research by applying advanced analytics to these EHR clinical data. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Najibesadat Sadati , Milad Zafar Nezhad , Ratna Babu Chinnam , Dongxiao Zhu

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal exhibits inherent uniqueness, making it a promising biometric modality for identity authentication. As a result, ECG authentication has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mingyu Dong , Zhidong Zhao , Hao Wang , Yefei Zhang , Yanjun Deng

We propose an evaluation framework for class probability estimates (CPEs) in the presence of label uncertainty, which is commonly observed as diagnosis disagreement between experts in the medical domain. We also formalize evaluation metrics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Takahiro Mimori , Keiko Sasada , Hirotaka Matsui , Issei Sato

EEG-based neural decoding models often fail to generalize across acquisition sites due to structured, site-dependent biases implicitly exploited during training. We reformulate cross-site clinical EEG learning as a bias-factorized…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-24 Xiaobin Wong , Zhonghua Zhao , Haoran Guo , Zhengyi Liu , Yu Wu , Feng Yan , Zhiren Wang , Sen Song

The variability in EEG signals between different individuals poses a significant challenge when implementing brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Commonly proposed solutions to this problem include deep learning models, due to their increased…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Stylianos Bakas , Siegfried Ludwig , Dimitrios A. Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Yannis Panagakis , Stefanos Zafeiriou

High-precision positioning is vital for cellular networks to support innovative applications such as extended reality, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and industrial Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Existing positioning algorithms using…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Shugong Xu , Jun Jiang , Wenjun Yu , Yilin Gao , Guangjin Pan , Shiyi Mu , Zhiqi Ai , Yuan Gao , Peigang Jiang , Cheng-Xiang Wang

Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation requires specialized expertise, often involving synthesizing insights from ECG signals with complex clinical queries posed in natural language. The scarcity of labeled ECG data coupled with the diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Jialu Tang , Tong Xia , Yuan Lu , Cecilia Mascolo , Aaqib Saeed