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Classical parking functions are a generalization of permutations that appear in many combinatorial structures. Prime parking functions are indecomposable components such that any classical parking function can be uniquely described as a…

The problem of path planning for automated parking is usually presented as finding a collision-free path from initial to goal positions, where three out of four parking slot edges represent obstacles. We rethink the path planning problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

We give a series of combinatorial results that can be obtained from any two collections (both indexed by $\Z\times \N$) of left and right pointing arrows that satisfy some natural relationship. When applied to certain self-interacting…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-11 Mark Holmes , Thomas S. Salisbury

We recall the occupancy problem introduced by Konheim & Weiss in 1966 and we consider parking functions as hash maps. Each car $c_i$ prefers parking space $p_i$ (the hash map $c_i \mapsto p_i$ with $c_i$ is a key and $p_i$ an index into an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Jean-Baptiste Priez

We propose a generalized car parking problem where either a car of size $\sigma$ or of size $m\sigma$ ($m>1$) is sequentially parked on a line with probability $q$ and $(1-q)$, respectively. The free parameter $q$ interpolates between the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. K. Hassan , J. Schmidt , B. Blasius , J. Kurths

Tree rotations (left and right) are basic local deformations allowing to transform between two unlabeled binary trees of the same size. Hence, there is a natural problem of practically finding such transformation path with low number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Jarek Duda

Double parking that often negatively affects traffic operations and safety is not a new phenomenon on urban streets. This study proposes a novel data-driven integrated framework for estimating the actual frequency of double parking so that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-24 Jingqin Gao , Kaan Ozbay , Michael Marsico

A simple method to generate a two-dimensional binary grid pattern, which allows for absolute and accurate self-location in a finite planar region, is proposed. The pattern encodes position information in a local way so that reading a small…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-12-20 Alfred M. Bruckstein , Tuvi Etzion , Raja Giryes , Noam Gordon , Robert J. Holt , Doron Shuldiner

Let $1\leq r\leq n$ and suppose that, when the Depth-first Search Algorithm is applied to a given rooted labelled tree on $n+1$ vertices, exactly $r$ vertices are visited before backtracking. Let $R$ be the set of trees with this property.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Rui Duarte , António Guedes de Oliveira

In this paper, we describe an approach to guide drivers searching for a parking space (PS). The proposed system suggests a sequence of routes that drivers should traverse in order to maximise the expected likelihood of finding a PS and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-29 Roman Overko , Rodrigo Ordóñez-Hurtado , Sergiy Zhuk , Robert Shorten

A parking function is a sequence of N nonnegative integers majorated by a permutation of the set {0, ..., N-1}. We provide a way to encode parking functions by data suggested by J.Haglund and N.Loehr. This coding is compared with another…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yurii M. Burman

In this paper, we complete the enumeration of the number of parking functions of length $n$ avoiding, in the sense defined by Qiu and Remmel, a permutation of length 3, answering several questions of Adeniran and Pudwell. Additionally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Ben Adenbaum

Autonomous parking technology is a key concept within autonomous driving research. This paper will propose an imaginative autonomous parking algorithm to solve issues concerned with parking. The proposed algorithm consists of three parts:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Ziyue Feng , Yu Chen , Shitao Chen , Nanning Zheng

We extend the notion of parking function polytopes and study their geometric and combinatorial structure, including normal fans, face posets, and $h$-polynomials, as well as their connections to other classes of polytopes. To capture their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Fu Liu , Warut Thawinrak

We study Schroder paths drawn in a (m,n) rectangle, for any positive integers m and n. We get explicit enumeration formulas, closely linked to those for the corresponding (m,n)-Dyck paths. Moreover we study a Schroder version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jean-Christophe Aval , Francois Bergeron

Pairwise ordered tree alignment are combinatorial objects that appear in RNA secondary structure comparison. However, the usual representation of tree alignments as supertrees is ambiguous, i.e. two distinct supertrees may induce identical…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-08 Cedric Chauve , Julien Courtiel , Yann Ponty

In 1980, G. Kreweras gave a recursive bijection between forests and parking functions. In this paper we construct a nonrecursive bijection from forests onto parking functions, which answers a question raised by R. Stanley. As a by-product,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-03 Heesung Shin

For autonomous vehicles, effective behavior planning is crucial to ensure safety of the ego car. In many urban scenarios, it is hard to create sufficiently general heuristic rules, especially for challenging scenarios that some new human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Zhiqian Qiao , Jeff Schneider , John M. Dolan

Automated parking is a self-driving feature that has been in cars for several years. Parking assistants in currently sold cars fail to park in more complex real-world scenarios and require the driver to move the car to an expected starting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

A two lane road approaches a stoplight. The left lane merges into the right just past the intersection. Vehicles approach the intersection one at a time, with some drivers always choosing the right lane, while others always choose the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Viktoriya Bardenova , Erik Insko , Katie Johnson , Shaun Sullivan