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Time domain astronomy has emerged as a vibrant research field in recent years, focusing on celestial objects that exhibit variable magnitudes or positions. Given the urgency of conducting follow-up observations for such objects, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-12 Rui Sun , Peng Jia , Yongyang Sun , Zhimin Yang , Qiang Liu , Hongyan Wei

Technical and environmental noise in ground-based laser interferometers designed for gravitational-wave observations like Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA, can manifest as narrow (<1Hz) or broadband ($10'$s or even $100'$s of Hz)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-17 Christina Reissel , Siddharth Soni , Muhammed Saleem , Michael Coughlin , Philip Harris , Erik Katsavounidis

Lens time delays are a powerful probe of cosmology, provided that the gravitational potential of the main deflector can be modeled with sufficient precision. Recent work has shown that this can be achieved by detailed modeling of the host…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-07 Xiao-Lei Meng , Tommaso Treu , Adriano Agnello , Matthew W. Auger , Kai Liao , Philip J. Marshall

Microlensing is one of the most promising methods of reconstructing the stellar mass function down to masses even below the hydrogen-burning limit. The fundamental limit to this technique is the presence of unresolved binaries, which can in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Scott Gaudi , Andrew Gould

We address the problem of separating stars from galaxies in future large photometric surveys. We focus our analysis on simulations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). In the first part of the paper, we derive the science requirements on…

We have developed a method that maps large astronomical images onto a two-dimensional map and clusters them. A combination of various state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) algorithms is used to develop a fully unsupervised image quality…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Hossen Teimoorinia , Sara Shishehchi , Ahnaf Tazwar , Ping Lin , Finn Archinuk , Stephen D. J. Gwyn , J. J. Kavelaars

Fast moving celestial objects are characterized by velocities across the celestial sphere that significantly differ from the motions of background stars. In observational images, these objects exhibit distinct shapes, contrasting with the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-11 Peng Jia , Ge Li , Bafeng Cheng , Yushan Li , Rongyu Sun

WFIRST microlensing observations will return high-precision parallaxes, sigma(pi) < 0.3 microarcsec, for the roughly 1 million stars with H<14 in its 2.8 deg^2 field toward the Galactic bulge. Combined with its 40,000 epochs of high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 A. Gould , D. Huber , M. Penny , D. Stello

The prevalence of AI-generated imagery has raised concerns about the authenticity of astronomical images, especially with advanced text-to-image models like Stable Diffusion producing highly realistic synthetic samples. Existing detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Mohammed Talha Alam , Raza Imam , Mohsen Guizani , Fakhri Karray

Missions to small celestial bodies rely heavily on optical feature tracking for characterization of and relative navigation around the target body. While deep learning has led to great advancements in feature detection and description,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-16 Travis Driver , Katherine Skinner , Mehregan Dor , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Galaxy clustering is a sensitive probe of the expansion history and growth of structure of the universe, and key degeneracies can be broken by combining these data with measurements of cosmic shear and galaxy-galaxy lensing (a so-called…

Due to the unprecedented depth of the upcoming ground-based Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, approximately two-thirds of the galaxies are likely to be affected by blending - the overlap of physically…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Biswajit Biswas , Eric Aubourg , Alexandre Boucaud , Axel Guinot , Junpeng Lao , Cécile Roucelle , the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) offers valuable insights into scattering mediums, but the quest for high-resolution imaging often requires dense sampling strategies, leading to higher imaging errors and lengthy acquisition times. This work…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-07 Ben Wiesel , Shlomi Arnon

Among the known resources of quantum metrology, one of the most practical and efficient is squeezing. Squeezed states of atoms and light improve the sensing of the phase, magnetic field, polarization, mechanical displacement. They promise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Gaetano Frascella , Sascha Agne , Farid Ya. Khalili , Maria V. Chekhova

Starshade is one of the technologies that will enable the observation and characterization of small planets around nearby stars through direct imaging. The Starshade Exoplanetary Data Challenge (SEDC) was designed to validate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Mario Damiano , Stuart Shaklan , Renyu Hu , Brian Dunne , Angelle Tanner , Aly Nida , Joseph C. Carson , Sergi R. Hildebrandt , Doug Lisman

The presence of coherent noise in seismic data leads to errors and uncertainties, and as such it is paramount to suppress noise as early and efficiently as possible. Self-supervised denoising circumvents the common requirement of deep…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-07-14 Claire Birnie , Matteo Ravasi

Over the past decades, a population of galaxies invisible in optical/near-infrared, but bright at longer wavelengths, have been identified through color selections. These so-called optically faint/dark galaxies are considered to be massive…

Depth perception is considered an invaluable source of information for various vision tasks. However, depth maps acquired using consumer-level sensors still suffer from non-negligible noise. This fact has recently motivated researchers to…

Extreme adaptive optics instruments have revealed exquisite details on debris discs, allowing to extract the optical properties of the dust particles such as the phase function, the degree of polarisation and the spectral reflectance. These…

In addition to constructing a Galactic matter mass function free from the bias induced by the hydrogen-burning limit, gravitational microlensing allows one to construct a mass function which is less affected by the problem of unresolved…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kyongae Chang , Cheongho Han