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The numerous extragalactic and cosmological motivations of the DENIS and 2MASS near infrared surveys are outlined. The performance of the DENIS survey is estimated from 50 deg^2 of high galactic latitude data (20 deg < |b| < 60 deg). Simple…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. A. Mamon , J. Borsenberger , M. Tricottet , V. Banchet

The precise astrometric observation of small near-Earth objects (NEOs) is an important observational research topic in the astrometric discipline, which greatly promotes multidisciplinary research, such as the origin and evolution of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-01 Yigong Zhang , Jiancheng Wang , Jie Su , Xiangming Cheng , Zhenjun Zhang

Astronomical imaging remains noise-limited under practical observing conditions. Standard calibration pipelines remove structured artifacts but largely leave stochastic noise unresolved. Although learning-based denoising has shown strong…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Shuhong Liu , Xining Ge , Ziying Gu , Quanfeng Xu , Lin Gu , Ziteng Cui , Xuangeng Chu , Jun Liu , Dong Li , Tatsuya Harada

Background. Astrometry at or below the micro-arcsec level with an imaging telescope assumes that the uncertainty on the location of an unresolved source can be an arbitrarily small fraction of the detector pixel, given a sufficient photon…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-06 Mario Gai , Alberto Vecchiato , Alberto Riva , Deborah Busonero , Mario Lattanzi , Beatrice Bucciarelli , Mariateresa Crosta , Zhaoxiang Qi

Astrometric jitter noise arises when starspots on a rotating stellar surface move in and out of view, shifting the photocenter. This noise may limit our ability to detect and weigh small, sub-Neptune-sized planets around active stars. By…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-23 Jamila Taaki , Lia Corrales , Alfred O. Hero

The past decade has seen impressive progress in the detection of $z>7$ galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope, however little is known about their properties. The James Webb Space Telescope will revolutionise the high-$z$ field by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-07 Guido Roberts-Borsani , Tommaso Treu , Charlotte Mason , Kasper B. Schmidt , Tucker Jones , Adriano Fontana

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized the field of deep learning over the past several years in diverse areas, including natural language processing, code generation, image recognition, time series forecasting, etc. We propose to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-30 Hyosun Park , Yongsik Jo , Seokun Kang , Taehwan Kim , M. James Jee

Galaxy clusters are usually detected in blind optical surveys via suitable filtering methods. We present an optimal matched filter which maximizes their signal-to-noise ratio by taking advantage of the knowledge we have of their intrinsic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Fabio Bellagamba , Matteo Maturi , Takashi Hamana , Massimo Meneghetti , Satoshi Miyazaki , Lauro Moscardini

Natural (such as lunar) occultations have long been used to study sources on small angular scales, while coronographs have been used to study high contrast sources. We propose launching the Improved Resolution and Image Selection (IRIS)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Glenn D. Starkman , Craig J Copi

Object detection in sonar images is crucial for underwater robotics applications including autonomous navigation and resource exploration. However, complex noise patterns inherent in sonar imagery, particularly speckle, reverberation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ziyu Wang , Tao Xue , Jingyuan Li , Haibin Zhang , Zhiqiang Xu , Gaofei Xu , Zhen Wang , Yanbin Wang , Zhiquan Liu

Astronomical images suffer a constant presence of multiple defects that are consequences of the intrinsic properties of the acquisition equipments, and atmospheric conditions. One of the most frequent defects in astronomical imaging is the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Simon Beckouche , Jean-Luc Starck , Jalal Fadili

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) corrupts astronomical measurements, thus affecting the performance of radio telescopes. To address this problem, supervised segmentation models have been proposed as candidate solutions to RFI detection.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Michael Mesarcik , Albert-Jan Boonstra , Elena Ranguelova , Rob V. van Nieuwpoort

Building on our previous work, we apply a U-Net Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework to denoise galaxy images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and enhance morphological classification. This study focuses on galaxies observed up…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-27 Sergey Mirzoyan

The construction of the James Webb Space Telescope has brought attention to infrared astronomy and cosmology. The potential information about our universe to be gained by this mission and future infrared telescopes is staggering, but…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-31 Nathan Lenssen

The continuing monitoring and surveying of the nearby space to detect Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are essential because of the threats that this kind of objects impose on the future of our planet. We need more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-15 V. Bacu , A. Sabou , T. Stefanut , D. Gorgan , O. Vaduvescu

The radial velocity signature of stellar noise is small, around the meter-per-second, but already too much for the detection of Earth mass planets in habitable zones. In this paper, we address the important role played by observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Xavier Dumusque , Stephane Udry , Christophe Lovis , Nuno C. Santos , Mario J. F. P. G. Monteiro

Stage-IV dark energy wide-field surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), will observe an unprecedented number density of galaxies. As a result, the majority of imaged galaxies will visually…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Ismael Mendoza , Derek Hansen , Runjing Liu , Zhe Zhao , Ziteng Pang , Axel Guinot , Camille Avestruz , Jeffrey Regier , the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration

Stacking analysis is a means of detecting faint sources using a priori position information to estimate an aggregate signal from individually undetected objects. Confusion severely limits the effectiveness of stacking in deep surveys with…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Peter Kurczynski , Eric Gawiser

We present a study on using delensing to enhance cosmic birefringence measurements based on full-sky, map-based simulations. In our analysis, we neglect foreground contamination and instrumental systematics to isolate the intrinsic impact…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Anto Idicherian Lonappan

Spectrum denoising is an important procedure for large-scale spectroscopical surveys. This work proposes a novel stellar spectrum denoising method based on deep Bayesian modeling. The construction of our model includes a prior distribution…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Xin Kang , Shiyuan He , Yanxia Zhang