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We propose a discrete latent distribution for Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Instead of drawing latent vectors from a continuous prior, we sample from a finite set of learnable latents. However, a direct parametrization of such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Evangelos Ntavelis , Mohamad Shahbazi , Iason Kastanis , Radu Timofte , Martin Danelljan , Luc Van Gool

In generative modeling, numerous successful approaches leverage a low-dimensional latent space, e.g., Stable Diffusion models the latent space induced by an encoder and generates images through a paired decoder. Although the selection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianyang Hu , Fei Chen , Haonan Wang , Jiawei Li , Wenjia Wang , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li

Popular generative model learning methods such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Variational Autoencoders (VAE) enforce the latent representation to follow simple distributions such as isotropic Gaussian. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Cem Subakan , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Paris Smaragdis

This paper examines three major generative modelling frameworks: Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Stable Diffusion models. VAEs are effective at learning latent representations but frequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Sanchayan Vivekananthan

Diffusion-based generative models employ stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and their equivalent probability flow ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to establish a smooth transformation between complex high-dimensional data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Defang Chen , Zhenyu Zhou , Can Wang , Siwei Lyu

Generative models have had a profound impact on vision and language, paving the way for a new era of multimodal generative applications. While these successes have inspired researchers to explore using generative models in science and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Giorgio Giannone , Akash Srivastava , Ole Winther , Faez Ahmed

While generative models have seen significant adoption across a wide range of data modalities, including 3D data, a consensus on which model is best suited for which task has yet to be reached. Further, conditional information such as text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthias Humt , Ulrich Hillenbrand , Rudolph Triebel

This paper explores the challenges and benefits of a trainable destruction process in diffusion samplers -- diffusion-based generative models trained to sample an unnormalised density without access to data samples. Contrary to the majority…

Diffusion models power leading generative AI, but when and how they memorize training data, especially on low-dimensional manifolds, remains unclear. We find memorization emerges gradually, not abruptly: as data become scarce, diffusion…

Modeling the time-dependent evolution of electron density is essential for understanding quantum mechanical behaviors of condensed matter and enabling predictive simulations in spectroscopy, photochemistry, and ultrafast science. Yet, while…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yuan Chiang , Youngsoo Choi , Daniel Osei-Kuffuor

Large, pretrained latent diffusion models (LDMs) have demonstrated an extraordinary ability to generate creative content, specialize to user data through few-shot fine-tuning, and condition their output on other modalities, such as semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yuru Jia , Lukas Hoyer , Shengyu Huang , Tianfu Wang , Luc Van Gool , Konrad Schindler , Anton Obukhov

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

The ability to accurately model random fields plays a critical role in science and engineering for problems involving uncertain, spatially-varying quantities such as heterogeneous material properties and turbulent flows. Deep generative…

High-quality 3D assets for traffic participants are critical for multi-sensor simulation, which is essential for the safe end-to-end development of autonomy. Building assets from in-the-wild data is key for diversity and realism, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ze Yang , Jingkang Wang , Haowei Zhang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Yun Chen , Raquel Urtasun

Accurately predicting 3D occupancy grids from visual inputs is critical for autonomous driving, but current discriminative methods struggle with noisy data, incomplete observations, and the complex structures inherent in 3D scenes. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yunshen Wang , Yicheng Liu , Tianyuan Yuan , Yingshi Liang , Xiuyu Yang , Honggang Zhang , Hang Zhao

Generative models such as diffusion models, excel at capturing high-dimensional distributions with diverse input modalities, e.g. robot trajectories, but are less effective at multi-step constraint reasoning. Task and Motion Planning (TAMP)…

Spatio-temporal (ST) data for urban applications, such as taxi demand, traffic flow, regional rainfall is inherently stochastic and unpredictable. Recently, deep learning based ST prediction models are proposed to learn the ST…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Divya Saxena , Jiannong Cao

Datasets are essential for training and testing vehicle perception algorithms. However, the collection and annotation of real-world images is time-consuming and expensive. Driving simulators offer a solution by automatically generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haonan Zhao , Yiting Wang , Thomas Bashford-Rogers , Valentina Donzella , Kurt Debattista

Latent diffusion models (LDMs) dominate high-quality image generation, yet integrating representation learning with generative modeling remains a challenge. We introduce a novel generative image modeling framework that seamlessly bridges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Theodoros Kouzelis , Efstathios Karypidis , Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Spyros Gidaris , Nikos Komodakis

The latent space of diffusion model mostly still remains unexplored, despite its great success and potential in the field of generative modeling. In fact, the latent space of existing diffusion models are entangled, with a distorted mapping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jaehoon Hahm , Junho Lee , Sunghyun Kim , Joonseok Lee