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This paper presents our experiences in designing, implementing, and piloting an intelligent vocabulary learning tutor. The design builds on several intelligent tutoring design concepts, including graph-based knowledge representation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Ravi Kokku , Aditya Vempaty , Tamer Abuelsaad , Prasenjit Dey , Tammy Humphrey , Akimi Gibson , Jennifer Kotler

Despite universal GenAI adoption, students cannot distinguish task performance from actual learning and lack skills to leverage AI for learning, leading to worse exam performance when AI use remains unreflective. Yet few interventions…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruiwei Xiao , Runlong Ye , Xinying Hou , Jessica Wen , Harsh Kumar , Michael Liut , John Stamper

Research on intelligent tutoring systems has been exploring data-driven methods to deliver effective adaptive assistance. While much work has been done to provide adaptive assistance when students seek help, they may not seek help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Mehak Maniktala , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes

Debugging, finding and fixing bugs in code, is a heterogeneous process that shapes novice learners' self-beliefs and motivation in computing. Our Debugging by Design intervention (DbD) provocatively puts students in control over bugs by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Luis Morales-Navarro , Deborah A. Fields , Michael Giang , Yasmin B Kafai

Imitation Learning techniques enable programming the behavior of agents through demonstrations rather than manual engineering. However, they are limited by the quality of available demonstration data. Interactive Imitation Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Snehal Jauhri , Carlos Celemin , Jens Kober

Hybrid human-AI tutoring, where technology and humans jointly facilitate student learning, can be more beneficial than AI-only tutoring. However, preliminary evidence suggests that lower-performing students derive greater benefit from…

When adopting the role of a teacher in learning-by-teaching environments, students often struggle to engage in knowledge-building activities, such as providing explanations and addressing misconceptions. Instead, they frequently default to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Tasmia Shahriar , Mia Ameen , Aditi Mallavarapu , Shiyan Jiang , Noboru Matsuda

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications to support human tutoring have potential to significantly improve learning outcomes, but engagement issues persist, especially among students from low-income backgrounds. We introduce an AI-assisted…

Multi-agent AI systems, which simulate diverse instructional roles such as teachers and peers, offer new possibilities for personalized and interactive learning. Yet, student-AI interaction patterns and their pedagogical implications remain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhanxin Hao , Jie Cao , Ruimiao Li , Jifan Yu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Zhang

Adaptive learning systems can produce substantial learning gains, yet many students engage for too brief or too superficial a period to benefit. A central obstacle is measuring effort. Effort during multi-step problem solving is rarely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Lijin Zhang , Kexin Yang , Tomohiro Nagashima , Benjamin W. Domingue

Quick interaction between a human teacher and a learning machine presents numerous benefits and challenges when working with web-scale data. The human teacher guides the machine towards accomplishing the task of interest. The learning…

Consider the problem setting of Interaction-Grounded Learning (IGL), in which a learner's goal is to optimally interact with the environment with no explicit reward to ground its policies. The agent observes a context vector, takes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Tengyang Xie , Akanksha Saran , Dylan J. Foster , Lekan Molu , Ida Momennejad , Nan Jiang , Paul Mineiro , John Langford

Adaptive learning often diagnoses precisely yet intervenes weakly, yielding help that is mistimed or misaligned. This study presents evidence supporting an instructor-governed feedback loop that converts concept-level assessment evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Amirreza Mehrabi , Jason W. Morphew , Breejha Quezada , N. Sanjay Rebello

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate feedback, yet their impact on learning remains underexplored, especially compared to existing feedback methods. This study investigates how on-demand LLM-generated explanatory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Danielle R. Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Shambhavi Bhushan , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Randomized evaluations of educational technology produce log data as a bi-product: highly granular data student and teacher usage. These datasets could shed light on causal mechanisms, effect heterogeneity, or optimal use. However, there…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-30 Adam C Sales , John F Pane

We provide ongoing results from the development of a personalized learning system integrated into a serious game. Given limited instructor resources, the use of computerized systems to help tutor students offers a way to provide higher…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ying Tang , Ryan Hare

This study examines the role of AI-assisted pretesting in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly when integrated with generative AI tools like ChatGPT. Pretesting, a learning strategy in which students attempt to answer questions or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mahir Akgun , Sacip Toker

Collaborative decision-making with artificial intelligence (AI) agents presents opportunities and challenges. While human-AI performance often surpasses that of individuals, the impact of such technology on human behavior remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Marco Matarese , Francesco Rea , Katharina J. Rohlfing , Alessandra Sciutti

Contributing to the literature on aptitude-treatment interactions between worked examples and problem-solving, this paper addresses differential learning from the two approaches when students are positioned as domain experts learning new…

When executed well, project-based learning (PBL) engages students' intrinsic motivation, encourages students to learn far beyond a course's limited curriculum, and prepares students to think critically and maturely about the skills and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gati Aher , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , Zachary C. Lipton