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scRNA-seq clustering is a critical task for analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, as it groups cells with similar gene expression profiles. Transformers, as powerful foundational models, have been applied to scRNA-seq…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuomin Liang , Liang Bai , Xian Yang

Translating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data into mechanistic biological hypotheses remains a critical bottleneck, as agentic AI systems lack direct access to transcriptomic representations while expression foundation models…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-18 Omar Coser

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technology is a powerful tool for unraveling the complexity of biological systems. One of essential and fundamental tasks in scRNA-seq data analysis is Cell Type Annotation (CTA). In spite of tremendous…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-04 Chaochen Wu , Meiyun Zuo , Lei Xie

As the global need for large-scale data storage is rising exponentially, existing storage technologies are approaching their theoretical and functional limits in terms of density and energy consumption, making DNA based storage a potential…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yotam Nahum , Eyar Ben-Tolila , Leon Anavy

Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) inference is essential for understanding complex cellular mechanisms, rendered tractable through single-cell transcriptomic data. With the emergence of single-cell Foundation Models (scFMs), enhanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxin Qi , Hang Li , Yan Cui , Yuhua Zheng , Jianqiang Huang

Genomic (DNA) sequences encode an enormous amount of information for gene regulation and protein synthesis. Similar to natural language models, researchers have proposed foundation models in genomics to learn generalizable features from…

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has made significant strides in unraveling the intricate cellular diversity within complex tissues. This is particularly critical in the brain, presenting a greater diversity of cell types than other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Gyutaek Oh , Baekgyu Choi , Inkyung Jung , Jong Chul Ye

Single-cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics profiles gene expression at cellular locations in native tissues, yet accurate cell-type annotation remains challenging: imaging-based platforms are constrained by targeted gene panels, whereas…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-27 Yiyang Zhang , Bokai Zhao , Xiaoru Zhang , Zongchang Du , Xiaojuan Sun , Tianzi Jiang

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in natural language and vision tasks, but their application to gene expression analysis remains limited due to data sparsity, high dimensionality, and missing values. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shuai Jiang , Saeed Hassanpour

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides high-throughput gene expression data to study the cellular heterogeneity and dynamics of complex organisms. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used for automatic cell…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Dapeng Wu , Hongkai Xiong

Deep learning has empowered analysis for single-cell sequencing data in many ways and has generated deep understanding about a range of complex cellular systems. As the booming single-cell sequencing technologies brings the surge of high…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-27 Yang Xu , Andrew Jeremiah Strick

The development of high throughput single-cell sequencing technologies now allows the investigation of the population level diversity of cellular transcriptomes. This diversity has shown two faces. First, the expression dynamics (gene to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-10 Ghislain Durif , Laurent Modolo , Jeff E. Mold , Sophie Lambert-Lacroix , Franck Picard

The problem of estimating the structure of a graph from observed data is of growing interest in the context of high-throughput genomic data, and single-cell RNA sequencing in particular. These, however, are challenging applications, since…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-15 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Koen Van den Berge , Monica Chiogna , Davide Risso

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a high throughput, quantitative and unbiased framework for scientists in many research fields to identify and characterize cell types within heterogeneous cell populations from various…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-28 Yeganeh Madadi , Aboozar Monavarfeshani , Hao Chen , W. Daniel Stamer , Robert W. Williams , Siamak Yousefi

Recent advances in cellular research demonstrate that scRNA-seq characterizes cellular heterogeneity, while spatial transcriptomics reveals the spatial distribution of gene expression. Cell representation is the fundamental issue in the two…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-16 Kai Zheng , Shaokai Wang , Yunpei Xu , Qiming Lei , Qichang Zhao , Xiao Liang , Qilong Feng , Yaohang Li , Min Li , Jinhui Xu , Jianxin Wang

As a powerful tool for characterizing cellular subpopulations and cellular heterogeneity, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology offers advantages of high throughput and multidimensional analysis. However, the process of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhuorui Cui , Shengze Dong , Ding Liu

Single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics have become a great source for data-driven insights into biology, enabling the use of advanced deep learning methods to understand cellular heterogeneity and gene expression at the single-cell…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-15 Hiren Madhu , João Felipe Rocha , Tinglin Huang , Siddharth Viswanath , Smita Krishnaswamy , Rex Ying

Single-cell representation learning (SCRL) from gene expression data offers a way to uncover the complex regulatory logic underlying cellular function. Inspired by large language models in natural language modeling, several single-cell…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sachini Weerasekara , Natasha Darras , Sagar Kamarthi , Colles Price , Jacqueline Isaacs

Since its selection as the method of the year in 2013, single-cell technologies have become mature enough to provide answers to complex research questions. With the growth of single-cell profiling technologies, there has also been a…

Biological sequences encode fundamental instructions for the building blocks of life, in the form of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Modeling these sequences is key to understand disease mechanisms and is an active research area in computational…

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