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While Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs) show great promise as embodied agents, they continue to face substantial challenges in spatial reasoning. Existing embodied benchmarks largely focus on passive, static household environments and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yifan Li , Lichi Li , Anh Dao , Xinyu Zhou , Yicheng Qiao , Zheda Mai , Daeun Lee , Zichen Chen , Zhen Tan , Mohit Bansal , Yu Kong

As multimodal models like CLIP become integral to downstream systems, the need to remove sensitive information is critical. However, machine unlearning for contrastively-trained encoders remains underexplored, and existing evaluations fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Cai Selvas-Sala , Lei Kang , Lluis Gomez

Recent graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) have shown high performance in the field of human action recognition by using human skeleton poses. However, it fails to detect human-object interaction cases successfully due to the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hesham M. Shehata , Mohammad Abdolrahmani

Detecting mind wandering is crucial in online education, and it occurs 30% of the time, as it directly impacts learners' retention, comprehension, and overall success in self-directed learning environments. Integrating automated detection…

Reasoning human object interactions is a core problem in human-centric scene understanding and detecting such relations poses a unique challenge to vision systems due to large variations in human-object configurations, multiple co-occurring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Bo Wan , Desen Zhou , Yongfei Liu , Rongjie Li , Xuming He

Humans possess the visual-spatial intelligence to remember spaces from sequential visual observations. However, can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on million-scale video datasets also ``think in space'' from videos? We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jihan Yang , Shusheng Yang , Anjali W. Gupta , Rilyn Han , Li Fei-Fei , Saining Xie

Current Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) in Earth Observation typically neglect the critical "vertical" dimension, limiting their reasoning capabilities in complex remote sensing geometries and disaster scenarios where physical spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xuran Hu , Zhitong Xiong , Zhongcheng Hong , Yifang Ban , Xiaoxiang Zhu , Wufan Zhao

Spatial reasoning in partially observable environments has often been approached through passive predictive models, yet theories of embodied cognition suggest that genuinely useful representations arise only when perception is tightly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Li Jin , Liu Jia

The ability to locate an object in an image according to natural language instructions is crucial for many real-world applications. In this work we propose LocateBench, a high-quality benchmark dedicated to evaluating this ability. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ting-Rui Chiang , Joshua Robinson , Xinyan Velocity Yu , Dani Yogatama

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit major shortfalls when interpreting images and, by some measures, have poorer spatial cognition than small children or animals. Despite this, they attain high scores on many popular visual benchmarks,…

We propose Perceptual Taxonomy, a structured process of scene understanding that first recognizes objects and their spatial configurations, then infers task-relevant properties such as material, affordance, function, and physical attributes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jonathan Lee , Xingrui Wang , Jiawei Peng , Luoxin Ye , Zehan Zheng , Tiezheng Zhang , Tao Wang , Wufei Ma , Siyi Chen , Yu-Cheng Chou , Prakhar Kaushik , Alan Yuille

Visual reasoning, particularly spatial reasoning, is a challenging cognitive task that requires understanding object relationships and their interactions within complex environments, especially in robotics domain. Existing vision_language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Simindokht Jahangard , Mehrzad Mohammadi , Abhinav Dhall , Hamid Rezatofighi

Spatial reasoning is central to navigation and robotics, yet measuring model capabilities on these tasks remains difficult. Existing benchmarks evaluate models in a one-shot setting, requiring full solution generation in a single response,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Tianyu Yang , Niklas Bauer , Terry Ruas , Jan Philip Wahle , Bela Gipp

Spatial reasoning remains a fundamental challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with current approaches struggling to achieve robust performance despite recent advances. We identify that this limitation stems from a critical gap:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hongxing Li , Dingming Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Automatic identification of events and recurrent behavior analysis are critical for video surveillance. However, most existing content-based video retrieval benchmarks focus on scene-level similarity and do not evaluate the action…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Oriol Rabasseda , Zenjie Li , Kamal Nasrollahi , Sergio Escalera

Applying pseudo labeling techniques has been found to be advantageous in semi-supervised 3D object detection (SSOD) in Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) for autonomous driving, particularly where labeled data is limited. In the literature, Exponential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Saheli Hazra , Sudip Das , Rohit Choudhary , Arindam Das , Ganesh Sistu , Ciaran Eising , Ujjwal Bhattacharya

Chain-of-Thought reasoning is widely used to improve the interpretability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet the faithfulness of the generated reasoning traces remains unclear. Prior work has mainly focused on perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Weijiang Lv , Yaoxuan Feng , Xiaobo Xia , Jiayu Wang , Yan Jing , Wenchao Chen , Bo Chen

The use of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as an end-to-end solution for Embodied AI and Autonomous Driving has become a prevailing trend. While MLLMs have been extensively studied for visual semantic understanding tasks, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yun Li , Yiming Zhang , Tao Lin , Xiangrui Liu , Wenxiao Cai , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

The powerful reasoning of modern Vision Language Models open a new frontier for advanced personalization study. However, progress in this area is critically hampered by the lack of suitable benchmarks. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xia Hu , Honglei Zhuang , Brian Potetz , Alireza Fathi , Bo Hu , Babak Samari , Howard Zhou

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have rapidly advanced in perception and reasoning; however, it remains unclear whether these capabilities generalize to discovering visually grounded solutions in open-ended environments, beyond pattern…