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Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has traditionally been framed as binary classification or outlier detection, providing neither interpretable reasoning nor precise spatial localization of anomalous events. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sakshi Agarwal , Aishik Konwer , Ankit Parag Shah

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to identify defective images and localize their defects (if any). Ideally, AD models should be able to detect defects over many image classes; without relying on hard-coded class names that can be uninformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chih-Hui Ho , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Nuno Vasconcelos

Detecting anomalies in multivariate time-series data is essential in many real-world applications. Recently, various deep learning-based approaches have shown considerable improvements in time-series anomaly detection. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Kyeong-Joong Jeong , Yong-Min Shin

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) involves identifying the temporal intervals that contain anomalous events in untrimmed videos, where only video-level annotations are provided as supervisory signals. However, a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Wang , Shengjie Zhao

Detecting anomalies in time-varying multivariate data is crucial in various industries for the predictive maintenance of equipment. Numerous machine learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed to support automated anomaly identification.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Dongyu Liu , Sarah Alnegheimish , Alexandra Zytek , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

The deployment of zero-shot anomaly detection (AD) in embodied industrial inspection is severely bottlenecked by its reliance on passive, fixed-viewpoint 2D imagery. Such formulations inherently fail to accommodate the active, dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaxuan Liu , Yunkang Cao , Yufeng Chen , Chunyang Li , Yuhuan Du , Hui Zhang

This paper presents a novel few-shot cross-domain anomaly detection framework, Nexus Vision Transformer for Anomaly Detection (NexViTAD), based on vision foundation models, which effectively addresses domain-shift challenges in industrial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Tianwei Mu , Feiyu Duan , Bo Zhou , Dan Xue , Manhong Huang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a significant computer vision problem. Existing deep neural network (DNN) based VAD methods mostly follow the route of frame reconstruction or frame prediction. However, the lack of mining and learning of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Zhiwei Yang , Jing Liu , Zhaoyang Wu , Peng Wu , Xiaotao Liu

Detecting what has changed in an environment is essential for long-term autonomy, yet most change detection settings assume fixed viewpoints, mild misalignment, or only a few changed objects. We introduce Video-based Scene Change Detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiae Yoon , Ue-Hwan Kim

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) endeavors to pinpoint deviations from the concept of normality in visual data, widely applied across diverse domains, e.g., industrial defect inspection, and medical lesion detection. This survey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yunkang Cao , Xiaohao Xu , Jiangning Zhang , Yuqi Cheng , Xiaonan Huang , Guansong Pang , Weiming Shen

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) represents a challenging and prominent research task within computer vision. In recent years, Pose-based Video Anomaly Detection (PAD) has drawn considerable attention from the research community due to several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

In line with the development of deep learning, this survey examines the transformative role of Transformers and foundation models in advancing visual anomaly detection (VAD). We explore how these architectures, with their global receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mouïn Ben Ammar , Arturo Mendoza , Nacim Belkhir , Antoine Manzanera , Gianni Franchi

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) is a crucial area in computer vision for developing intelligent surveillance systems. This system uses three feature streams: RGB video, optical flow, and audio signals, where each stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yuta Kaneko , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Najmul Hassan , Hyoun-Sup Lee , Si-Woong Jang , Jungpil Shin

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) automatically identifies anomalous events from video, mitigating the need for human operators in large-scale surveillance deployments. However, two fundamental obstacles hinder real-world adoption: domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hyogun Lee , Haksub Kim , Ig-Jae Kim , Yonghun Choi

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) finds widespread applications in security surveillance, traffic monitoring, industrial monitoring, and healthcare. Despite extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of concise reviews that provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Liyun Zhu , Lei Wang , Arjun Raj , Tom Gedeon , Chen Chen

Semi-supervised video anomaly detection (VAD) methods formulate the task of anomaly detection as detection of deviations from the learned normal patterns. Previous works in the field (reconstruction or prediction-based methods) suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Mohammad Baradaran , Robert Bergevin

Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhichen Zeng , Wenxuan Bao , Xiao Lin , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yuchen Yan , Chen Luo , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

The goal of video anomaly detection is tantamount to performing spatio-temporal localization of abnormal events in the video. The multiscale temporal dependencies, visual-semantic heterogeneity, and the scarcity of labeled data exhibited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dezhi An , Wenqiang Liu , Kefan Wang , Zening Chen , Jun Lu , Shengcai Zhang

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) is a critical task in computer vision with numerous real-world applications. However, deploying these models on edge devices presents significant challenges, such as constrained computational and memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Manuel Barusco , Lorenzo D'Antoni , Davide Dalle Pezze , Francesco Borsatti , Gian Antonio Susto

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) has evolved from handcrafted descriptors to deep learning approaches, yet significant challenges remain. Current approaches, including Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jintao Cheng , Weibin Li , Jiehao Luo , Xiaoyu Tang , Zhijian He , Jin Wu , Yao Zou , Wei Zhang