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The advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers raises a crucial challenge to design quantum neural networks for fully quantum learning tasks. To bridge the gap, this work proposes an end-to-end learning framework named…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have established themselves as a central computational paradigm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. By coupling parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) with classical optimization, they…

This study explores the intersection of continuous-variable quantum computing (CVQC) and classical machine learning, focusing on CVQC data encoding techniques, including Displacement encoding and squeezing encoding, alongside Instantaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Minati Rath , Hema Date

This study introduces growth-based training strategies that incrementally increase parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) depth during training, mitigating overfitting and managing model complexity dynamically. We develop three distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Callum Duffy , Smit Chaudhary , Gergana V. Velikova

Conventional Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) for Quantum Machine Learning typically rely on a fixed Hermitian observable, often built from Pauli operators. Inspired by the Heisenberg picture, we propose an adaptive non-local measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hsin-Yi Lin , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Shinjae Yoo

Recent days have witnessed significant interests in applying quantum-enhanced techniques for solving a variety of machine learning tasks. Variational methods that use quantum resources of imperfect quantum devices with the help of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Hiroshi Yano , Yudai Suzuki , Kohei M. Itoh , Rudy Raymond , Naoki Yamamoto

It is essential to select efficient topology of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) in variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). However, there are problems in current circuits, i.e. optimization difficulties caused by too many parameters or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Wenjie Liu , Qingshan Wu

Are multi-layer parameterized quantum circuits (MPQCs) more expressive than classical neural networks (NNs)? How, why, and in what aspects? In this work, we survey and develop intuitive insights into the expressive power of MPQCs in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Pengyuan Zhai

Quantum computing holds great potential for advancing the limitations of machine learning algorithms to handle higher dimensions of data and reduce overall training parameters in deep learning (DL) models. This study uses a trainable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Hao-Yuan Chen , Yen-Jui Chang , Shih-Wei Liao , Ching-Ray Chang

Hybrid quantum-classical learning models increasingly integrate neural networks with variational quantum circuits (VQCs) to exploit complementary inductive biases. However, many existing approaches rely on tightly coupled architectures or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegner

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as the leading strategy to obtain quantum advantage on the current noisy intermediate-scale devices. However, their entanglement-trainability correlation, as the major reason for the barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shikun Zhang , Yang Zhou , Zheng Qin , Rui Li , Chunxiao Du , Zhisong Xiao , Yongyou Zhang

Vectorized quantum block encoding provides a way to embed classical data into Hilbert space, offering a pathway for quantum models, such as Quantum Transformers (QT), that replace classical self-attention with quantum circuit simulations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Ziqing Guo , Ziwen Pan , Alex Khan , Jan Balewski

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are an essential tool in applying noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers to practical problems. VQCs are used as a central component in many algorithms, for example, in quantum machine learning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Joona V. Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Ilkka Tittonen

Variational quantum approaches have shown great promise in finding near-optimal solutions to computationally challenging tasks. Nonetheless, enforcing constraints in a disciplined fashion has been largely unexplored. To address this gap,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Thinh Viet Le , Vassilis Kekatos

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely applied across numerous domains due to its ability to automatically identify informative patterns from data for various tasks. The availability of large-scale data and advanced computational power…

This paper presents a systematic comparative analysis of Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) configurations for financial fraud detection, encompassing three distinct quantum encoding techniques and comprehensive architectural variations.…

Predicting the output of quantum circuits is a hard computational task that plays a pivotal role in the development of universal quantum computers. Here we investigate the supervised learning of output expectation values of random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-01 S. Cantori , D. Vitali , S. Pilati

Parameterized quantum circuits play an essential role in the performance of many variational hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is to choose an effective circuit that well represents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Expressibility is a crucial factor of a Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC). In the context of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) based Quantum Machine Learning (QML), a QML model composed of highly expressible PQC and sufficient number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Yu Liu , Kentaro Baba , Kazuya Kaneko , Naoyuki Takeda , Junpei Koyama , Koichi Kimura