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The lack of interpretability is an inevitable problem when using neural network models in real applications. In this paper, an explainable neural network based on generalized additive models with structured interactions (GAMI-Net) is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-03 Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang , Agus Sudjianto

Symbolic regression has excelled in uncovering equations from physics, chemistry, biology, and related disciplines. However, its effectiveness becomes less certain when applied to experimental data lacking inherent closed-form expressions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Krzysztof Kacprzyk , Mihaela van der Schaar

Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) can be used to create non-linear glass-box (i.e. explicitly interpretable) models, where the predictive function is fully observable over the complete input space. However, glass-box interpretability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Nicolas Salvadé , Tim Hillel

Training large language representation models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. This allows for fine tuning on any number of specific tasks, however, these large high capacity models can continue to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kristjan Arumae , Parminder Bhatia

Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) have quickly become the leading choice for inherently-interpretable machine learning. However, unlike uninterpretable methods such as DNNs, they lack expressive power and easy scalability, and are hence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Abhimanyu Dubey , Filip Radenovic , Dhruv Mahajan

Neural networks have become a popular tool in predictive modelling, more commonly associated with machine learning and artificial intelligence than with statistics. Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) are flexible non-linear statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Jessica Doohan , Lucas Kook , Kevin Burke

While interpretability is crucial for machine learning applications in safety-critical domains and for regulatory compliance, existing tabular foundation models like TabPFN lack transparency. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) provide the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Andreas Mueller , Julien Siems , Harsha Nori , David Salinas , Arber Zela , Rich Caruana , Frank Hutter

Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) have recently experienced a resurgence in popularity due to their interpretability, which arises from expressing the target value as a sum of non-linear transformations of the features. Despite the current…

Foundational models with billions of parameters which have been trained on large corpora of data have demonstrated non-trivial skills in a variety of domains. However, due to their monolithic structure, it is challenging and expensive to…

The explainability of machine learning algorithms is crucial, and numerous methods have emerged recently. Local, post-hoc methods assign an attribution score to each feature, indicating its importance for the prediction. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Giorgio Visani , Vincenzo Stanzione , Damien Garreau

A barrier to the wider adoption of neural networks is their lack of interpretability. While local explanation methods exist for one prediction, most global attributions still reduce neural network decisions to a single set of features. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Mark Ibrahim , Melissa Louie , Ceena Modarres , John Paisley

The trade-off between interpretability and accuracy remains a core challenge in machine learning. Standard Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) offer clear feature attributions but are often constrained by their strictly additive nature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Guangzhi Xiong , Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

In recent years, the field of recommendation systems has attracted increasing attention to developing predictive models that provide explanations of why an item is recommended to a user. The explanations can be either obtained by post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Yifeng Guo , Yu Su , Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang

Sparse generalized additive models (GAMs) are an extension of sparse generalized linear models which allow a model's prediction to vary non-linearly with an input variable. This enables the data analyst build more accurate models,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-15 J. Kenneth Tay , Robert Tibshirani

The class activation mapping, or CAM, has been the cornerstone of feature attribution methods for multiple vision tasks. Its simplicity and effectiveness have led to wide applications in the explanation of visual predictions and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Jae Myung Kim , Junsuk Choe , Zeynep Akata , Seong Joon Oh

We present generalized additive latent and mixed models (GALAMMs) for analysis of clustered data with responses and latent variables depending smoothly on observed variables. A scalable maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is proposed,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-29 Øystein Sørensen , Anders M. Fjell , Kristine B. Walhovd

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

In recent years, machine learning and AI have been introduced in many industrial fields. In fields such as finance, medicine, and autonomous driving, where the inference results of a model may have serious consequences, high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Akihisa Watanabe , Michiya Kuramata , Kaito Majima , Haruka Kiyohara , Kensho Kondo , Kazuhide Nakata

Interpretability has become a necessary feature for machine learning models deployed in critical scenarios, e.g. legal system, healthcare. In these situations, algorithmic decisions may have (potentially negative) long-lasting effects on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 An-phi Nguyen , Maria Rodriguez Martinez

Causal discovery from observational data is fundamental to scientific fields like biology, where controlled experiments are often impractical. However, existing methods, including constraint-based (e.g., PC, causalMGM) and score-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhenjiang Fan , Zengyi Qin , Yuanning Zheng , Bo Xiong , Summer Han