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Related papers: Designing Production-Scale OCR for India: Multilin…

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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is one of the important fields in image processing and pattern recognition domain. Handwritten character recognition has always been a challenging task. Only a little work can be traced towards the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-01-03 H. R. Mamatha , S. Karthik , Murthy K. Srikanta

Optical character recognition (OCR) has advanced rapidly with deep learning and multimodal models, yet most methods focus on well-resourced scripts such as Latin and Chinese. Ethnic minority languages remain underexplored due to complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bonan Liu , Zeyu Zhang , Bingbing Meng , Han Wang , Hanshuo Zhang , Chengping Wang , Daji Ergu , Ying Cai

The advent of "OCR 2.0" and large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) has set new benchmarks in text recognition. However, these unified architectures often come with significant computational demands, challenges in precise text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Cheng Cui , Yubo Zhang , Ting Sun , Xueqing Wang , Hongen Liu , Manhui Lin , Yue Zhang , Tingquan Gao , Changda Zhou , Jiaxuan Liu , Zelun Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jun Zhang , Yi Liu

Improving visual text synthesis has long been a challenging and evolving frontier for image generation models. While recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) models have made remarkable strides in text generation capabilities, existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Peirong Zhang , Haowei Xu , Jiaxin Zhang , Xuhan Zheng , Guitao Xu , Yuyi Zhang , Junle Liu , Zhenhua Yang , Wei Zhou , Lianwen Jin

Efforts on the research and development of OCR systems for Low-Resource Languages are relatively new. Low-resource languages have little training data available for training Machine Translation systems or other systems. Even though a vast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 S M Rakib Hasan , Aakar Dhakal , Md Humaion Kabir Mehedi , Annajiat Alim Rasel

We combine three methods which significantly improve the OCR accuracy of OCR models trained on early printed books: (1) The pretraining method utilizes the information stored in already existing models trained on a variety of typesets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Christian Reul , Uwe Springmann , Christoph Wick , Frank Puppe

Sanskrit is a classical language with about 30 million extant manuscripts fit for digitisation, available in written, printed or scannedimage forms. However, it is still considered to be a low-resource language when it comes to available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Ayush Maheshwari , Nikhil Singh , Amrith Krishna , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in document image tasks, especially Optical Character Recognition (OCR). However, they struggle with Document Image Machine Translation (DIMT), which requires handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yupu Liang , Yaping Zhang , Zhiyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Yang Zhao , Lu Xiang , Chengqing Zong , Yu Zhou

Operational Technology Cybersecurity (OTCS) continues to be a dominant challenge for critical infrastructure such as railways. As these systems become increasingly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to digitalization, effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Regan Bolton , Mohammadreza Sheikhfathollahi , Simon Parkinson , Dan Basher , Howard Parkinson

Building LLMs for languages other than English is in great demand due to the unavailability and performance of multilingual LLMs, such as understanding the local context. The problem is critical for low-resource languages due to the need…

In this paper, we study pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models for a group of related languages, with a focus on Indic languages. We present IndicBART, a multilingual, sequence-to-sequence pre-trained model focusing on 11 Indic languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Raj Dabre , Himani Shrotriya , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

Good OCR results for historical printings rely on the availability of recognition models trained on diplomatic transcriptions as ground truth, which is both a scarce resource and time-consuming to generate. Instead of having to train a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-10-21 U. Springmann , F. Fink , K. U. Schulz

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential on complex visual understanding tasks through iterative optimization methods.However, these models generally lack effective self-correction mechanisms, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shimin Wen , Zeyu Zhang , Xingdou Bian , Hongjie Zhu , Lulu He , Layi Shama , Daji Ergu , Ying Cai

Recent advancements in deep neural networks have markedly enhanced the performance of computer vision tasks, yet the specialized nature of these networks often necessitates extensive data and high computational power. Addressing these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Jiayou Chao , Wei Zhu

India is a multi-lingual country where Roman script is often used alongside different Indic scripts in a text document. To develop a script specific handwritten Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system, it is therefore necessary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-03-25 Ram Sarkar , Nibaran Das , Subhadip Basu , Mahantapas Kundu , Mita Nasipuri , Dipak Kumar Basu

Indias linguistic diversity poses significant challenges for developing inclusive Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Traditional multilingual models, which require simultaneous access to all language data, are impractical due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gokul Adethya T , S. Jaya Nirmala

A line of a bilingual document page may contain text words in regional language and numerals in English. For Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of such a document page, it is necessary to identify different script forms before running an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-07-05 B. V. Dhandra , Mallikarjun Hangarge

Character recognition is the fundamental part of an optical character recognition (OCR) system. Word recognition, sentence transcription, document digitization, and language processing are some of the higher-order activities that can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mirza Raquib , Asif Pervez Polok , Kedar Nath Biswas , Farida Siddiqi Prity , Saydul Akbar Murad , Nick Rahimi

End-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are rapidly claiming to become state-of-art over other modeling methods. Several techniques have been introduced to improve their ability to handle multiple languages. However, due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Rohit Kumar

Recognition of ancient Tamil characters has always been a challenge for epigraphers. This is primarily because the language has evolved over the several centuries and the character set over this time has both expanded and diversified. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Lalitha Giridhar , Aishwarya Dharani and , Velmathi Guruviah