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In psychological support and emotional companionship scenarios, the core limitation of large language models (LLMs) lies not merely in response quality, but in their reliance on local next-token prediction, which prevents them from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Boning Zhao , Clover Hu , Xinnuo Li

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for multi-agent systems. However, existing research on the behaviour of LLM-based multi-agents relies on ad hoc prompts and lacks a principled policy perspective. Different from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hongbo Bo , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu

We propose OutboundEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in expert-level intelligent outbound calling scenarios. Unlike existing methods that suffer from three key limitations - insufficient dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Pengyu Xu , Shijia Li , Ao Sun , Feng Zhang , Yahan Li , Bo Wu , Zhanyu Ma , Jiguo Li , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Rui Wang , Yang Liu , Xiaobo Hu , Fan Yang , Jia Zheng , Guanghua Yao

Reward-guided search methods have demonstrated strong potential in enhancing tool-using agents by effectively guiding sampling and exploration over complex action spaces. As a core design, those search methods utilize process reward models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Dawei Li , Yuguang Yao , Zhen Tan , Huan Liu , Ruocheng Guo

Evaluating text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is challenging, particularly for low-resource languages where methods for direct assessment are scarce. We propose MUG-Eval, a novel framework that evaluates LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seyoung Song , Seogyeong Jeong , Eunsu Kim , Jiho Jin , Dongkwan Kim , Jay Shin , Alice Oh

Recently, the development of large language models (LLMs) has been significantly enhanced the question answering and dialogue generation, and makes them become increasingly popular in current practical scenarios. While unlike the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zhiyuan Hu , Yue Feng , Yang Deng , Zekun Li , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as behavioral proxies for self-interested travelers in agent-based traffic models. Although more flexible and generalizable than conventional models, the practical use of these approaches…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hanlin Sun , Jiayang Li

Multi-turn LLM agents are becoming pivotal to production systems, spanning customer service automation, e-commerce assistance, and interactive task management, where accurately distinguishing high-value informative signals from stochastic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yangyi Fang , Jiaye Lin , Xiaoliang Fu , Cong Qin , Haolin Shi , Chang Liu , Peilin Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a new opportunity for interpretability--agentic interpretability: a multi-turn conversation with an LLM wherein the LLM proactively assists human understanding by developing and leveraging a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Been Kim , John Hewitt , Neel Nanda , Noah Fiedel , Oyvind Tafjord

Long-term memory (LTM) is essential for large language models (LLMs) to achieve autonomous intelligence in complex, evolving environments. Despite increasing efforts in memory-augmented and retrieval-based architectures, there remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Luanbo Wan , Weizhi Ma

Hallucinations pose critical risks for large language model (LLM)-based agents, often manifesting as hallucinative actions resulting from fabricated or misinterpreted information within the cognitive context. While recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Weichen Zhang , Yiyou Sun , Pohao Huang , Jiayue Pu , Heyue Lin , Dawn Song

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world, autonomous applications, relying on static, pre-annotated references for evaluation poses significant challenges in cost, scalability, and completeness. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sher Badshah , Ali Emami , Hassan Sajjad

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced conversational agents, making them applicable to various fields (e.g., education, entertainment). Despite their progress, the evaluation of the agents often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiho Kim , Woosog Chay , Hyeonji Hwang , Daeun Kyung , Hyunseung Chung , Eunbyeol Cho , Yeonsu Kwon , Yohan Jo , Edward Choi

Current safety alignment for Large Language Models (LLMs) implicitly optimizes for a "modal adult user," leaving models vulnerable to distributional shifts in user cognition. We present ChildSafe, a benchmark that quantifies alignment…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Abhejay Murali , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar , Junfeng Jiao

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in e-commerce applications to assist customer services in tasks such as product inquiries, recommendations, and order management. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kaiyan Zhao , Zijie Meng , Zheyong Xie , Jin Duan , Yao Hu , Zuozhu Liu , Shaosheng Cao

There is an growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems to tackle interactive real-world tasks that require effective collaboration and assessing complex situations. Yet, we still have a limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Sarath Sivaprasad , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

This work investigates whether knowledge-driven large language model (LLM)-based storytelling can support purposeful narrative interaction with a digital companion for older adults. To address known limitations of LLMs, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jayalakshmi Baskar , Vera C. Kaelin , Kaan Kilic , Helena Lindgren
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