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ModeSwitch-LLM is a lightweight request-boundary controller for improving single-GPU large language model inference efficiency by routing each request to an appropriate fixed inference mode. Instead of relying on one static serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Aman Sunesh , Ali Alshehhi , Hivansh Dhakne

Large language models have demonstrated extraordinary performance in many AI tasks but are expensive to use, even after training, due to their requirement of high-end GPUs. Recently, a distributed system called PETALS was developed to lower…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tingyang Sun , Ting He , Bo Ji , Parimal Parag

Large Language Model (LLM) inference, where a trained model generates text one word at a time in response to user prompts, is a computationally intensive process requiring efficient scheduling to optimize latency and resource utilization. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Patrick Jaillet , Jiashuo Jiang , Konstantina Mellou , Marco Molinaro , Chara Podimata , Zijie Zhou

Optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference in production systems is increasingly difficult due to dynamic workloads, stringent latency/throughput targets, and a rapidly expanding configuration space. This complexity spans not only…

Efficient LLM serving must balance throughput and latency across diverse, bursty workloads. We introduce StreamServe, a disaggregated prefill decode serving architecture that combines metric aware routing across compute lanes with adaptive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Satyam Kumar , Arpit Singh Gautam , Kailash Talreja , Saurabh Jha

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly growing in popularity, LLM inference services must be able to serve requests from thousands of users while satisfying performance requirements. The performance of an LLM inference service is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Małgorzata Łazuka , Andreea Anghel , Thomas Parnell

Personalized recommendation is a ubiquitous application on the internet, with many industries and hyperscalers extensively leveraging Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) for their personalization needs (like ad serving or movie…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rishabh Jain , Vivek M. Bhasi , Adwait Jog , Anand Sivasubramaniam , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Chita R. Das

LLM inference powers latency-critical production services nowadays. The bursty nature of inference traffic results in over-provisioning, which in turn leads to resource underutilization. While online-offline colocation promises to utilize…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fangyue Liu , Hua Liu , Xinyuan Lyu , Shuo Ai , Hao Liang , Lingpeng Chen , Ziqian Hu , Chong Zha , Xin Jin , Hanmei Luo , Peng Chen

Creating high-quality, large-scale datasets for large language models (LLMs) often relies on resource-intensive, GPU-accelerated models for quality filtering, making the process time-consuming and costly. This dependence on GPUs limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yungi Kim , Hyunsoo Ha , Seonghoon Yang , Sukyung Lee , Jihoo Kim , Chanjun Park

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

The deployment of mixture-of-experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their high memory demands. These challenges become even more pronounced in multi-tenant environments, where shared resources must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 HamidReza Imani , Jiaxin Peng , Peiman Mohseni , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

Deep learning-based recommender models (DLRMs) have become an essential component of many modern recommender systems. Several companies are now building large compute clusters reserved only for DLRM training, driving new interest in cost-…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Kabir Nagrecha , Lingyi Liu , Pablo Delgado , Prasanna Padmanabhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general tasks but often struggle with hallucinations when handling domain-specific or institutional knowledge absent from their pre-training. We present an offline response-based knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Erdem Aslan , Pakize Erdoğmuş

Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Feiyang Chen , Yu Cheng , Lei Wang , Yuqing Xia , Ziming Miao , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Jilong Xue , Zhi Yang , Mao Yang , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing numerous industries, but their substantial computational demands create challenges for efficient deployment, particularly in cloud environments. Traditional approaches to inference serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Minxian Xu , Junhan Liao , Jingfeng Wu , Yiyuan He , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on converged Cloud and High-Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure. However, as LLMs handle confidential inputs and are fine-tuned on costly, proprietary datasets, their heightened…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Marcin Chrapek , Marcin Copik , Etienne Mettaz , Torsten Hoefler

Large language models (LLMs) deployed on edge servers are increasingly used in latency-sensitive applications such as personalized assistants, recommendation, and content moderation. However, the non-stationary nature of user data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yufei Li , Yu Fu , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

Edge-cloud collaborative inference is becoming a practical necessity for LLM-powered edge devices: on-device models often cannot afford the required reasoning capability, while cloud-only inference could be prohibitively costly and slow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiangwen Dong , Jiayu Li , Tianhang Zheng , Wanyu Lin