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The energy consumption of deep learning models is increasing at a breathtaking rate, which raises concerns due to potential negative effects on carbon neutrality in the context of global warming and climate change. With the progress of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Bo Li , Xinyang Jiang , Donglin Bai , Yuge Zhang , Ningxin Zheng , Xuanyi Dong , Lu Liu , Yuqing Yang , Dongsheng Li

In recent times, there has been definitive progress in the field of NLP, with its applications growing as the utility of our language models increases with advances in their performance. However, these models require a large amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Mirza Yusuf , Praatibh Surana , Gauri Gupta , Krithika Ramesh

Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

Client perceptions of the therapeutic alliance are critical for counseling effectiveness. Accurately capturing these perceptions remains challenging, as traditional post-session questionnaires are burdensome and often delayed, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anqi Li , Chenxiao Wang , Yu Lu , Renjun Xu , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified concerns about its environmental sustainability. Current assessments focus on operational carbon emissions using secondary data, overlooking impacts in other life cycle…

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant energy consumption and carbon emissions, posing a critical challenge to the sustainability of generative AI technologies. This paper explores the integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tahniat Khan , Soroor Motie , Sedef Akinli Kocak , Shaina Raza

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used in high-stakes applications impacting society. Therefore, it is of critical importance that ML models do not propagate discrimination. Collecting accurate labeled data in societal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hadis Anahideh , Abolfazl Asudeh , Saravanan Thirumuruganathan

Across the Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle - from hardware to development, deployment, and reuse - burdens span energy, carbon, water, and embodied impacts. Cloud provider tools improve transparency but remain heterogeneous and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Marcel Rojahn , Marcus Grum

The carbon footprint of data centers has recently become a critical concern. So far, most carbon-aware strategies have focused on leveraging the flexibility of scheduling decisions for batch processing by shifting the time and location of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Kevin Kreutz , Philipp Wiesner , Monica Vitali

The growth of large-scale AI systems is increasingly constrained by infrastructure limits: power availability, thermal and water constraints, interconnect scaling, memory pressure, data-pipeline throughput, and rapidly escalating lifecycle…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-21 Qi He

Organizational leaders are being asked to make high-stakes decisions about AI deployment without dependable evidence of what these systems actually do in the environments they oversee. The predominant AI evaluation ecosystem yields scalable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Reva Schwartz , Gabriella Waters

Artificial Intelligence (AI) benchmarks play a central role in measuring progress in model development and guiding deployment decisions. However, many benchmarks quickly become saturated, meaning that they can no longer differentiate…

Benchmarks are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, enabling reproducibility, comparison, and scientific progress. However, AI benchmarks are increasingly complex, requiring dynamic, AI-focused workflows. Rapid evolution in model…

The ubiquity of machine learning (ML) and the demand for ever-larger models bring an increase in energy consumption and environmental impact. However, little is known about the energy scaling laws in ML, and existing research focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Emile Dos Santos Ferreira , Andrei Paleyes , Neil D. Lawrence

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the last decade have largely been built upon the wide applications of deep learning (DL). However, the high carbon footprint yielded by larger and larger DL networks becomes a concern for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 C. -C. Jay Kuo , Azad M. Madni

Most Machine Learning research evaluates the best solutions in terms of performance. However, in the race for the best performing model, many important aspects are often overlooked when, on the contrary, they should be carefully considered.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Sinan Gultekin , Achille Globo , Andrea Zugarini , Marco Ernandes , Leonardo Rigutini

The design of mobile autonomous robots is challenging due to the limited on-board resources such as processing power and energy. A promising approach is to generate intelligent schedules that reduce the resource consumption while…

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

Climate change and global warming have been trending topics worldwide since the Eco-92 conference. However, little progress has been made in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs). The problems and challenges related to emissions are complex and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Victor de A. Xavier , Felipe M. G. França , Priscila M. V. Lima

Machine learning (ML) continues to grow in importance across nearly all domains and is a natural tool in modeling to learn from data. Often a tradeoff exists between a model's ability to minimize bias and variance. In this paper, we utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Xingfu Wu , Valerie Taylor