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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Although machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) present fascinating opportunities for innovation, their rapid development is also significantly impacting our environment. In response to growing resource-awareness in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Raphael Fischer

The rapid advancement of AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has raised significant concerns about the energy use and carbon emissions associated with model training and inference. However, existing tools for measuring and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hongzhen Huang , Kunming Zhang , Hanlong Liao , Kui Wu , Guoming Tang

Provisioning dynamic machine learning (ML) inference as a service for artificial intelligence (AI) applications of edge devices faces many challenges, including the trade-off among accuracy loss, carbon emission, and unknown future costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Huirong Ma , Zhi Zhou , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen

The growth of machine learning (ML) models and associated datasets triggers a consequent dramatic increase in energy costs for the use and training of these models. In the current context of environmental awareness and global sustainability…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gwendal Jouneaux , Jordi Cabot

Accurate reporting of energy and carbon usage is essential for understanding the potential climate impacts of machine learning research. We introduce a framework that makes this easier by providing a simple interface for tracking realtime…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Peter Henderson , Jieru Hu , Joshua Romoff , Emma Brunskill , Dan Jurafsky , Joelle Pineau

Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

In recent years, large-scale auto-regressive models have made significant progress in various tasks, such as text or video generation. However, the environmental impact of these models has been largely overlooked, with a lack of assessment…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Zhuotao Deng , Yansong Tang , Xiao-Ping Zhang

While carbon accounting plays a fundamental role in our fight against climate change, it is not without its challenges. We begin the paper with a critique of the conventional carbon accounting practices, after which we proceed to introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Olamide Oladeji , Seyed Shahabeddin Mousavi , Marc Roston

Machine learning (ML) requires using energy to carry out computations during the model training process. The generation of this energy comes with an environmental cost in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, depending on quantity used and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Alex Hernandez-Garcia

In the context of Industry 4.0, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for anomaly detection is being hampered by high computational requirements and associated environmental effects. This study seeks to address the…

Training large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models demands significant computational power and energy, leading to increased carbon footprint with potential environmental repercussions. This paper delves into the challenges of training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Shaolei Ren , Jie Xu

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

While Generative AI stands to be one of the fastest adopted technologies ever, studies have made evident that the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) puts significant burden on energy grids and our environment. It may prove a hindrance to…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently spearheaded by machine learning (ML) methods such as deep learning which have accelerated progress on many tasks thought to be out of reach of AI. These recent ML methods are often compute hungry,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dustin Wright , Christian Igel , Gabrielle Samuel , Raghavendra Selvan

The past decade has seen a massive rise in the popularity of AI systems, mainly owing to the developments in Gen AI, which has revolutionized numerous industries and applications. However, this progress comes at a considerable cost to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shyam Agarwal , Mahasweta Chakraborti

Machine learning and deep learning models have become essential in the recent fast development of artificial intelligence in many sectors of the society. It is now widely acknowledge that the development of these models has an environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lucia Bouza Heguerte , Aurélie Bugeau , Loïc Lannelongue

This paper presents a solution to the challenge of mitigating carbon emissions from hosting large-scale machine learning (ML) inference services. ML inference is critical to modern technology products, but it is also a significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Baolin Li , Siddharth Samsi , Vijay Gadepally , Devesh Tiwari

Artificial Intelligence, machine learning (AI/ML) has allowed exploring solutions for a variety of environmental and climate questions ranging from natural disasters, greenhouse gas emission, monitoring biodiversity, agriculture, to weather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Srija Chakraborty
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