English
Related papers

Related papers: Covariate Adjustment for Wilcoxon Two Sample Stati…

200 papers

The purpose of this work is to improve the efficiency in estimating the average causal effect (ACE) on the survival scale where right-censoring exists and high-dimensional covariate information is available. We propose new estimators using…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-29 Ran Dai , Cheng Zheng , Mei-Jie Zhang

In clinical and epidemiological research doubly truncated data often appear. This is the case, for instance, when the data registry is formed by interval sampling. Double truncation generally induces a sampling bias on the target variable,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-11 Jacobo de Uña-Álvarez

We consider the problem of two-sample testing in a semi-supervised setting with abundant unlabeled covariate data. Standard two-sample tests neglect covariate information, which has the potential to significantly boost performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Gyumin Lee , Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim

The split-plot design arises from agricultural sciences with experimental units, also known as subplots, nested within groups known as whole plots. It assigns the whole-plot intervention by a cluster randomization at the whole-plot level…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-27 Wenqi Shi , Anqi Zhao , Hanzhong Liu

Rerandomization is an effective treatment allocation procedure to control for baseline covariate imbalance. For estimating the average treatment effect, rerandomization has been previously shown to improve the precision of the unadjusted…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Bingkai Wang , Fan Li

In randomized experiments, regression adjustment can improve the precision of average treatment effect (ATE) estimation using covariates without requiring a correctly specified outcome model. Although well studied in low-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Dogyoon Song

Regression calibration as developed by Rosner, Spiegelman and Willet is used to correct the bias in effect estimates due to measurement error in continuous exposures. The method involves two models: a measurement error model (MEM) relating…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Wenze Tang , Donna Spiegelman , Xiaomei Liao , Molin Wang

We examine four important considerations in the development of covariate adjustment methodologies for indirect treatment comparisons. Firstly, we consider potential advantages of weighting versus outcome modeling, placing focus on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-07 Antonio Remiro-Azócar , Anna Heath , Gianluca Baio

Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jianan Zhu , Jeffrey Zhang , Zijian Guo , Siyu Heng

This paper deals with improvement of linear quantile regression, when there are a few distinct values of the covariates but many replicates. On can improve asymptotic efficiency of the estimated regression coefficients by using suitable…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-30 Kaushik Jana , Debasis Sengupta

Weighting procedures are used in observational causal inference to adjust for covariate imbalance within the sample. Common practice for inference is to estimate robust standard errors from a weighted regression of outcome on treatment.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Erin Hartman , Chad Hazlett , Arisa Sadeghpour

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE). While covariate adjustment can reduce the asymptotic variances of the unbiased Horvitz-Thompson estimators for the ATE, it suffers from…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Xin Lu , Lei Shi , Hanzhong Liu , Peng Ding

This paper develops an empirical balancing approach for the estimation of treatment effects under two-sided noncompliance using a binary conditionally independent instrumental variable. The method weighs both treatment and outcome…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-10 Phillip Heiler

We study regression discontinuity designs with the use of additional covariates for estimation of the average treatment effect. We provide a detailed proof of asymptotic normality of the covariate-adjusted estimator under minimal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Patrick Kramer , Alexander Kreiß

This paper proposes new estimators for the propensity score that aim to maximize the covariate distribution balance among different treatment groups. Heuristically, our proposed procedure attempts to estimate a propensity score model by…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-04-07 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Xiaojun Song , Qi Xu

This paper investigates estimation and inference for average treatment effects in completely randomized experiments when researchers observe potentially many covariates. Within Neyman's (1923) design-based framework, allowing the number of…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-20 Harold D Chiang , Yukitoshi Matsushita , Taisuke Otsu

Covariate imbalance between treatment groups makes it difficult to compare cumulative incidence curves in competing risk analyses. In this paper we discuss different methods to estimate adjusted cumulative incidence curves including inverse…

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-01 Ayanendranath Basu , Abhijit Mandal , Nirian Martin , Leandro Pardo

In biomedical studies, testing for differences in covariance offers scientific insights beyond mean differences, especially when differences are driven by complex joint behavior between features. However, when differences in joint behavior…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 David Veitch , Yinqiu He , Jun Young Park