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JWST has revealed a population of compact `Little Red Dots' (LRDs) at $z\gtrsim4$, with red rest-frame optical and blue UV colors. These objects are likely compact dusty starbursts or heavily reddened AGNs, playing a pivotal role in early…

The recent discovery of little red dots - a population of extremely compact and highly dust-reddened high redshift galaxies - by the James Webb Space Telescope presents a new challenge to the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. Their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-10 Louis M. T. Arts

We compile JWST/NIRSpec prism and MIRI data for 249 Little Red Dots (LRDs) at 2.3<z<9.3, forming a representative spectroscopic subset of NIRCam-selected LRDs. We derive a median stacked spectrum covering rest-frame 0.09-1.2 $\mu$m, with…

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a puzzling population of optically red and compact galaxies with peculiar "V"-shaped spectra at high redshift, known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). Until now, most…

We compile a sample of 83 Little Red Dots (LRDs) with JWST imaging and find that a substantial fraction ($\sim$43%, rising to $\gtrsim$85% for the most luminous LRDs) host one or more spatially offset, UV-bright companions at projected…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has recently discovered a population of compact, red sources at z > 4 known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). They are characterized by their V-shaped continuum spectra and prominent broad Balmer emission…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-13 Weiyu Ding , Xu Kong , Wei-Jian Guo , Hu Zou , Jialai Wang , Fujia Li , Hongxin Zhang , Jie Song , Jingyi Zhang , Niu Li , Wen-Xiong Li

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a population of compact, high-redshift sources, the Little Red Dots (LRDs), which may host supermassive black holes (BHs) significantly heavier than their stellar content compared with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Valerio De Luca , Loris Del Grosso , Gabriele Franciolini , Konstantinos Kritos , Emanuele Berti , Daniel D'Orazio , Joseph Silk

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are some the most intriguing galaxy populations recently identified at z>~4 with JWST. They constitute the most extreme class of a more abundant population of sources with `V-shaped' spectral energy distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-20 Euclid Collaboration , A. A. Tumborang , K. I. Caputi , P. Rinaldi , L. Bisigello , G. Girardi , E. Iani , R. Bouwens , R. Navarro-Carrera , G. Desprez , R. A. Cooper , Y. Fu , Y. Toba , J. Matthee , B. Milvang-Jensen , P. G. Perez-Gonzalez , F. Ricci , G. Rodighiero , J. Schaye , F. Tarsitano , G. Zamorani , M. Baes , C. M. Gutierrez , H. Hoekstra , K. Jahnke , D. Scott , D. Stern , B. Altieri , S. Andreon , N. Auricchio , C. Baccigalupi , M. Baldi , A. Balestra , S. Bardelli , P. Battaglia , A. Biviano , E. Branchini , M. Brescia , S. Camera , V. Capobianco , C. Carbone , J. Carretero , S. Casas , M. Castellano , G. Castignani , S. Cavuoti , K. C. Chambers , A. Cimatti , C. Colodro-Conde , G. Congedo , C. J. Conselice , L. Conversi , Y. Copin , F. Courbin , H. M. Courtois , M. Cropper , J. -G. Cuby , A. Da Silva , H. Degaudenzi , G. De Lucia , H. Dole , M. Douspis , F. Dubath , X. Dupac , M. Farina , R. Farinelli , F. Faustini , S. Ferriol , F. Finelli , S. Fotopoulou , N. Fourmanoit , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , M. Fumana , S. Galeotta , K. George , B. Gillis , C. Giocoli , J. Gracia-Carpio , A. Grazian , F. Grupp , S. V. H. Haugan , W. Holmes , I. M. Hook , F. Hormuth , A. Hornstrup , M. Jhabvala , B. Joachimi , S. Kermiche , A. Kiessling , B. Kubik , M. Kümmel , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , A. M. C. Le Brun , S. Ligori , P. B. Lilje , V. Lindholm , I. Lloro , G. Mainetti , E. Maiorano , O. Mansutti , S. Marcin , O. Marggraf , M. Martinelli , N. Martinet , F. Marulli , R. J. Massey , E. Medinaceli , S. Mei , M. Meneghetti , E. Merlin , G. Meylan , A. Mora , M. Moresco , L. Moscardini , C. Neissner , R. C. Nichol , S. -M. Niemi , J. W. Nightingale , C. Padilla , S. Paltani , F. Pasian , K. Pedersen , W. J. Percival , V. Pettorino , S. Pires , G. Polenta , M. Poncet , L. A. Popa , L. Pozzetti , F. Raison , A. Renzi , J. Rhodes , G. Riccio , E. Romelli , M. Roncarelli , B. Rusholme , R. Saglia , Z. Sakr , D. Sapone , M. Schirmer , P. Schneider , T. Schrabback , A. Secroun , G. Seidel , E. Sihvola , P. Simon , C. Sirignano , G. Sirri , L. Stanco , P. Tallada-Crespí , A. N. Taylor , H. I. Teplitz , I. Tereno , N. Tessore , S. Toft , R. Toledo-Moreo , F. Torradeflot , I. Tutusaus , L. Valenziano , J. Valiviita , T. Vassallo , G. Verdoes Kleijn , A. Veropalumbo , Y. Wang , J. Weller , F. M. Zerbi , E. Zucca , M. Huertas-Company , J. Martín-Fleitas , V. Scottez

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a previously hidden population of extremely bright and compact objects between redshifts of $z \sim 4$ and $z \sim 10$. Given their extreme red colouring in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-23 Jake Feeney , Patrick Kavanagh , John A. Regan

JWST has revealed an abundant population of compact, low-metallicity "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) at high redshift, challenging conventional scenarios in which supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow from stellar-mass seeds. We consider a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-03 Jinhui Guo , Jia Liu , Masanori Tanaka , Xiao-Ping Wang , Huangyu Xiao

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact objects with a unique V-shape SED at z >= 4 known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Most of the LRDs with existing spectral observations exhibit broad Balmer lines and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho , Kohei Inayoshi

One of the most puzzling discoveries by JWST is the population of high-redshift, red, and compact galaxies dubbed little red dots (LRDs). Based on broad-line diagnostics, these galaxies have been argued to host accreting $10^7-10^8$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrea Sacchi , Akos Bogdan

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have uncovered a population of compact, red object ($z\sim 4\text{--}7$) known as little red dots (LRDs). The presence of broad Balmer emission lines indicates active galactic nuclei…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-03 Daisaburo Kido , Kunihito Ioka , Kenta Hotokezaka , Kohei Inayoshi , Christopher M. Irwin

JWST has revealed a new high-redshift population called little red dots (LRDs). Since LRDs may be in the early phase of black hole growth, identifying them in the early universe is crucial for understanding the formation of the first…

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact sources at $z \gtrsim 5$ known as ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) that are likely active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here we present a comprehensive study of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-18 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho

We present simulated counterparts of the ``Little Red Dot'' (LRD) galaxies observed with JWST, using the large cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, ASTRID. We create mock observations of the galaxies ($5 \leq z \leq 8$) in ASTRID, and find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Patrick LaChance , Rupert A. C. Croft , Tiziana Di Matteo , Yihao Zhou , Fabio Pacucci , Yueying Ni , Nianyi Chen , Simeon Bird

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a population of compact, red sources that have emerged as one of the most puzzling findings of JWST. Variability provides a direct probe of their central engines. Here we present the first joint spectroscopic and…

The James Webb Space Telescope recently uncovered a population of massive black holes (BHs) in the first billion years after the Big Bang. Among these high-redshift BH candidates, observations have identified a class of active galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-21 Elia Cenci , Melanie Habouzit

JWST has unveiled an abundant population of compact broad-line emitters largely at $z\gtrsim4$, the Little Red Dots (LRDs), which might represent a previously unprobed supermassive black hole evolution channel predominant at high redshift.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-15 Kevin Park , Alberto Torralba , Jorryt Matthee , Sara Mascia , Zoltán Haiman , Rohan P. Naidu , Anna de Graaff