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We established a rigorous benchmark for text-based recipe generation, a fundamental task in natural language generation. We present a comprehensive comparative study contrasting a fine-tuned GPT-2 large (774M) model against the GPT-2 small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Shubham Pundhir , Ganesh Bagler

Reinforcement Learning (RL) benefits Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning. Inspired by this, we explore integrating spatio-temporal specific rewards into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to address the unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Desen Meng , Lu Dong , Xiangyu Zeng , Yinan He , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly improved our ability to process complex language. However, accurately detecting logical fallacies remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel and effective prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiwon Jeong , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park

Reward-based fine-tuning steers a pretrained diffusion or flow-based generative model toward higher-reward samples while remaining close to the pretrained model. Although existing methods are derived from different perspectives, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jeongjae Lee , Jinho Chang , Jeongsol Kim , Jong Chul Ye

The hypothesis that pretrained large language models (LLMs) necessitate only minimal supervision during the fine-tuning (SFT) stage (Zhou et al., 2024) has been substantiated by recent advancements in data curation and selection research.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mengyao Lyu , Yan Li , Huasong Zhong , Wenhao Yang , Hui Chen , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding , Zhenheng Yang

Existing LLMs-post-training techniques are broadly categorized into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT). Each paradigm presents a distinct trade-off: (1) SFT excels at mimicking demonstration data, but can lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zeyu Huang , Tianhao Cheng , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Yinghui Xu , Edoardo M. Ponti , Ivan Titov

In the rapidly evolving landscape of online recipe sharing within a globalized context, there has been a notable surge in research towards comprehending and generating food recipes. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Fnu Mohbat , Mohammed J. Zaki

Accurate nutrient estimation from unstructured recipe text is an important yet challenging problem in dietary monitoring, due to ambiguous ingredient terminology and highly variable quantity expressions. We systematically evaluate models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wei-Chun Chen , Yu-Xuan Chen , I-Fang Chung , Ying-Jia Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically fine-tuned for reasoning tasks through a two-stage pipeline of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL), a process fraught with catastrophic forgetting and suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lixuan He , Jie Feng , Yong Li

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in automating the scientific research ideation. Existing approaches primarily focus on prompting techniques, often producing ideas misaligned with expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ruochen Li , Liqiang Jing , Chi Han , Jiawei Zhou , Xinya Du

By pretraining on trillions of tokens, an LLM gains the capability of text generation. However, to enhance its utility and reduce potential harm, SFT and alignment are applied sequentially to the pretrained model. Because SFT and alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Zixu Zhu , Xiangbo Mao , Jun Wang , Shiyu Wang , Cheng Wang , Dong Nie , Lingzi Hong

Mathematical reasoning is a challenging task for large language models (LLMs), while the scaling relationship of it with respect to LLM capacity is under-explored. In this paper, we investigate how the pre-training loss, supervised data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Zheng Yuan , Hongyi Yuan , Chengpeng Li , Guanting Dong , Keming Lu , Chuanqi Tan , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

State-of-the-art language models can exhibit impressive reasoning refinement capabilities on math, science or coding tasks. However, recent work demonstrates that even the best models struggle to identify \textit{when and where to refine}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Alex Havrilla , Sharath Raparthy , Christoforus Nalmpantis , Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Maksym Zhuravinskyi , Eric Hambro , Roberta Raileanu

Procedural texts help AI enhance reasoning about context and action sequences. Transforming these into Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) improves understanding of individual steps by identifying predicate-argument structure like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Anil Batra , Laura Sevilla-Lara , Marcus Rohrbach , Frank Keller

In traditional innovation practices, concept and IP generation are often iteratively integrated. Both processes demand an intricate understanding of advanced technical domain knowledge. Existing large language models (LLMs), while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Runtao Ren , Jian Ma , Jianxi Luo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved from a knowledge base. However, its effectiveness is fundamentally constrained by the reliability of both the retriever…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yiteng Tu , Weihang Su , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Interests in the automatic generation of cooking recipes have been growing steadily over the past few years thanks to a large amount of online cooking recipes. We present RecipeGPT, a novel online recipe generation and evaluation system.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Helena H. Lee , Ke Shu , Palakorn Achananuparp , Philips Kokoh Prasetyo , Yue Liu , Ee-Peng Lim , Lav R. Varshney

Standing in 2025, at a critical juncture in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haoyuan Sun , Jiaqi Wu , Bo Xia , Yifu Luo , Yifei Zhao , Kai Qin , Xufei Lv , Tiantian Zhang , Yongzhe Chang , Xueqian Wang

This work-in-progress investigates the memorization, creativity, and nonsense found in cooking recipes generated from Large Language Models (LLMs). Precisely, we aim (i) to analyze memorization, creativity, and non-sense in LLMs using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jan Kvapil , Martin Fajcik

The prevailing paradigm for training large reasoning models--combining Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)--is fundamentally constrained by its reliance on high-quality, human-annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanfu Wang , Zhixuan Liu , Xiangtian Li , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang